後面要加受詞的動詞稱為及物動詞，後面不加受詞的動詞稱為不及物動詞，我想這兩種動詞應該都很熟悉了。而所謂「不完全」，就是需要加強補語的意思，例如： He looks happy. (他看起來快樂。) 這裡的look沒有受詞，所以是不及物動詞。它的後面要有補語happy，意思才完整，所以是不完全動詞。這個look用在這裡就是一個不完全不及物動詞。 The gift makes him happy. (這件禮物使他覺得愉快。) 這裡的make有受詞him，所以是及物動詞。它後面還要有補語happy意思才完整，所以是不完全動詞。因此這裡的make就是一個不完全及物動詞。 再強調一次：這些名稱並不重要，不須拘泥在這些名稱上頭，只要好好看懂書中的句型就可以了。
The number of physicians caring for the elderly ____ in recent years, a time when this type of care is needed most. A.declining B.has declined C.have declined D.to decline 請問the number of +名詞 為何是單數?複數不行嗎? a number of +名詞 是複數嘛? 謝謝旋老師
the number是主詞，意思是一個「數字」，所以是單數，後面的of physicians只是一個修飾主詞的介系詞片語，不影響到主詞的單複數。若改為a number of physicians，其中a number of是限定詞，意思是「若干個」，相當於a few, several, some, a lot of等等，主詞是後面的physicians，所以是複數
◆Despite our efforts to stop the bill, it still cleared both the House and the Senate with ease. ◆She still loves him, for all his faults. 在although的轉換上還是摸不著頭腦，麻煩旋老師提點一下如何把上面的句子改寫成although引導的副詞子句
I'm not buying the children anything else today - I've spent far too much money as it is. 我花了很多錢是過去的事實，為何句中的as it is不是as it was？用as it was對嗎？ 謝謝老師
I think I can say nothing but it truely makes me sad. I think I can say nothing but saying it truely makes me sad. 「我只想說這真令我傷心」，不知道上面兩句話哪一句的文法才是正確的，如果都是錯的，怎麼樣說才符合文法呢？
John was at a loss as to what to do next. She was totally at a loss what to do. at a loss表示茫然、不知所措，是介系詞片語，為何加與不加介系詞都是對的呢？at a loss是不是屬於副詞性質呢？
she became popular, and was at a loss to know why 這裡的to know why應該如何還原好呢？來源於名詞/形容詞/副詞子句的哪一種減化？有些難以理解這裡的to know why是怎麼造出來的，麻煩旋老師指點
老師您好 ： ＂When you saw the dress and asked me about it, I got defensive and snapped at you, but I actually knew that it was all my fault.I cannot tell you how ashamed I am that I yelled at you like that.＂
當中＂I cannot tell you how ashamed I am that I yelled at you like that.＂的兩個that該如何解讀呢？！
老師好 If you were to make a 3-minute speech, how many minutes would you spend on each of the parts listed above? The problem is that most students would spend most of their time on the introduction, then briefly mention some main points for the body, and end with a long-winded rambling conclusion. 不解為何if子句使用與未來式實相反的結構were to，為何不用一般條件句If your are to make a 3-minute speech...
Enclosed is a photo of her recently taken. Billy you might as well call me. Five apples I gave you. 像這類倒裝在正式場合下能使用嗎？又一般在什麼情況下使用？
There are the obvious financial costs of setting up new systems but equally important are the adjustment costs of adapting costs of adapting to using and interpreting new data. 1.這種補語倒裝的方式but equally important are...在考試寫作中被認可嗎？ 2.後面but equally important are...應該如何翻譯？修飾語十分複雜
but equally important...這句是正確的倒裝句（主詞補語倒裝，以加強語氣），但是後面文字有錯誤，應改為but equally important are the adjustment costs of adapting to using and interpreting new data
The rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles. ●為何不是倒裝成Believed to be among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles.？[如果把is當作謂語] ●而是選擇倒裝成Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at which trees grow.？[如果把is believed to be當作謂語] 覺得第二種才符合旋老師的文法觀，也有支持這種倒裝方式的例句，如Lying at the front door is the dog.，還是說其實兩種倒裝方式都是對的？
類似there be的倒裝不是指「地點副詞」移到句首的倒裝嗎，among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles不是地點，為什麼也可以倒裝到句首？
Fines must be set heavy enough to stop people from doing this. It was made known over a wide area or to a lot of people. 這兩句話能改寫成類似there be的倒裝嗎？如果可以的話麻煩老師改寫一下，如果不能的話，又是為什麼呢？
介系詞片語among...也可算是地方副詞，在to be後面當主詞補語，移到句首構成倒裝句。比較特別的地方是：它是不定詞片語to be後面的補語，主要子句的動詞是is believed。這個句子把不定詞片語後面的補語移到句首，搭配的卻是主要子句動詞is believed的倒裝，構造有點勉強，但感覺還是可以接受的句子。這樣的選擇主要是為了加強語氣：among the "surest"...是語氣較強的部分。若選擇將believed to be...移到句首來倒裝，也是正確的句子。
fines...這句可倒裝為Heavy enough must fines be set... it was...這句可倒裝為Over a wide area was it made known...
He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders. He is a man on the shoulders of whom falls a heavy responsibility. 兩句的正誤？如果第一句有錯的話，麻煩老師講一下錯的原因是什麼？
We have no hope to find him. We have no wish of finding him. Shakespeare was the author of 'Macbeth', as of 'Julius Caesar'. 以上幾句的正誤？
為什麼下面的兩句話表達的是同一個意思： His work was so good that it made him internationally famous. His work was so good as to make him internationally famous. 按老師的文法，子句中應該有一個語氣助動詞才能減化成不定式，那第二句的as to是怎麼產生的呢？
原始句子是That we should take a bus might be as well. 採用假主詞it，改寫為It might be as well that we should take a bus. 減化為It might be as well for us to take a bus. 因為有虛字it，可以利用這個位置，進一步精簡為We might as well take a bus.
請教老師幾個問題 When the speaker concluded, the audience remembered one word of his talk especially which is cooperation. When the speaker concluded, the audience remembered one word of his talk especially cooperation. 兩句話都是正確的句子嗎？修辭如何，如何修改合適？
We might as well not have taken a bus at all. It's so slow. We might as well have walked. It would be just as quick. might as well是語氣助動詞的話，為什麼後面可以使用完成式？使用完成式表示什麼？
It is hard to understand him.和He is hard to understand.兩個句式之間有什麼聯繫？ 看起來就是把him代替了it，這樣做了句子的轉換，類似的情況還有很多，比如：It is known for him to be reliable.和He is known to be reliable.等等
He has never been known to behave like that.這句話變成主動語氣即Some have known him to behave like that.可是know的受詞不接補語啊？to behave是如何產生的？
It has never been known for him to behave like that. It was not allowed for us to go on board. It is considered for him to be a fool. He is regretted to feel that way about it. 麻煩老師判定下，改寫句的文法有沒有問題
原始句子是It has never been known that he would behave like that. 減化為It has never been known for him to behave like that. 再精簡為He has never been known to behave like that. 在know後面可以有受詞補語，例如：I know him to be a good man.
George is quick to take offence.和This rule is important to remember.減化後的不定式應該都來著名詞子句，但貌似兩句話的構造恰好矛盾，要看後面減化的內容才能判斷是主動還是被動，主語George、This rule更像是被強行用來強調移至句首代替了形式主語It，旋老師是如何理解這兩個句子的構成的？也麻煩老師還原一下上面兩句的構成 如果to take offence是副詞子句減化的產物，這就難以去理解George is quick是什麼意思，人為什麼能用quick來形容？ 類似的還有The car is easy/expensive to drive.，car為什麼能用easy來形容？
We are hard to understand him. He is hard to be understand. We are important to remember this rule. He is nonsense to react so aggressively. 按照上面的兩種構造，下面仿照的改寫都沒問題嗎？如果有問題的話，均犯了什麼共同的錯誤？是修飾不搭配嗎，那為何car能用easy來形容呢？
老師您好 ： ＂He has made the technology behind Tesla`s electric vehicles, and his idea for a 1200 km/h super-train called Hyperloop, free for anyone to use in good faith.＂
老師您好 Technology is developing so quickly that ethical questions that sci-fi has posed are becoming a part of our daily lives. Should robots have rights? Do devices expose our worst selves? While we may not yet have answers, these shows comple us to confront and wrestle with these dilemas together. Jones says that at a screening of “Nosedive” at a film festival, “There's was a sense of collective shame. But also relief:Oh, someone else does that do too.” １Jones says that的 that是 There's was a sense... too ? ２someone else does that do的 that從文章中看不出來，但可以推斷因為做了''什麼事''，而產生a sense of collective shame.這個結果 ? 謝謝老師
It’s so unfair that she should have died so young 1should have died是過去事實 ?
There is consternation about how to deal with Bernice Sanders and Elizabeth Warren on Wall Street, a careful massaging of where to come down on Warren's proposal ... 2a careful...是補充說明 how to deal with Elizabeth Warren on Wall Street ? 謝謝老師
Something is satisfying. Relaxing... is satisfying. 合併為Something is more satisfying than relaxing... 然後再改something為that，併入另一個主要子句：There is something.，成為： There is something that is more satisfying than relaxing... 減化為There is something more satisfying than relaxing... 最後改something為否定的nothing
When____correctly, this air purifier will operate efficiently as well as silently in any room. A.installs B.installed C.installing D.being installed 正確答案為B.但D不行嗎? 謝謝旋老師~
George is quick to take offense.這裡的不定式是充當副詞修飾quick的話，那按道理，這裡的不定式應該是由副詞子句減化，可是不定式的原形卻是名詞子句It is quick for George to take offense.，這裡的變化有些不符合邏輯，旋老師是如何理解的？
在it is quick for George to take offense句中，主詞it是虛字，可以進一步精簡。換成George當主詞，句子就成為George(S) is(V) quick(C)，後面的to take offense就是動詞片語can take offense的詞類變化，成為不定詞片語（當副詞用）修飾quick。句子變了，但是句意差不多
The car is easy (for us) to drive. He is hard (for us) to understand. George is quick to take offense. 這三句話可還原成 It is easy that we can drive the car. It is hard that we can understand him. It is quick that George will take offense. 請教旋老師，為什麼前兩句選擇把後面的受詞the car/he前移，可是後者卻選擇把前面的主詞George前移？
If seismologists could predict earthquakes, they would be able to save about 20,000 human lives each year. 1. 此句應非表與現在事實相反假設的句子，應若要成立，if子句的動詞部份應改成predicted。 2. 第1點若正確，那could要表何語氣呢? 表能力can的過去式，不合理。表可能推測語氣，if子句應寫成If seismologists predict earthquakes，如此才符合一般假設條件子句需使用現在式動詞表述的用法。若表允許語氣，意思變成若地震學家被允許預測地震，不合邏輯。從此三種語氣，都無法解讀could predict的正確性。然從朗文出版的英語常見問題大辭典中，說明could也可取代can，表現在及未來的能力。依此說法，似能正確解釋例句的文法正確性。另我認為使用could較can表能力的口吻來的溫和些。 不知老師的看法如何?
旋老師好 I saw a mountain the top of which was completely covered in snow.可以把the top移到關係子句內，寫成I saw a mountain of which the top was completely covered in snow. I can lend you several books, five of which I can recommend.可以把five移到關係子句內，寫成I can lend you two books, of which I can recommend five. 那為什麼He is a man the shoulders of whom falls a heavy responsibility on.不能把the shoulders移到關係子句內，寫成He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders.呢？
可以說...a man on the shoulders of whom falls a heavy responsibility。但是，如果說the shoulders of whom falls...，因為the shoulders of whom是名詞，看起來像主詞，後面的falls是動詞，這會令讀者誤會是the shoulders of whom(S) falls(V)...，造成錯誤
我問美國老外兩個句子何者正確，這是他的回覆: "I might add that there are probably some EFL authors that would use the first, but as someone with English as my First Language, I prefer the second." 請問旋老師"but as someone with English as my First Language" =>這裡的"as my First Language"和"English"是什麼關係? Thanks!
不好意思旋老師，上回提問的句子出現了錯誤，修改後麻煩老師再看一下 I saw a mountain the top of which was completely covered in snow.可以把the top移到關係子句內，寫成I saw a mountain of which the top was completely covered in snow. I can lend you several books, five of which I can recommend.可以把five移到關係子句內，寫成I can lend you two books, of which I can recommend five.
前面兩者the top和five都可以移至子句內部，可是下面這種情況旋老師卻判斷the shoulders不能放入作為on的受詞，道理是什麼呢？ He is a man the shoulders of whom a heavy responsibility falls on.不能把the shoulders移到關係子句內，寫成He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders.
沒有固定的規則，但原則是要清楚。像He is a man the shoulders of whom a heavy responsibility falls on.這個句子，感覺已經有點勉強。若改為He is a man on the shoulders of whom a heavy responsibility falls.會比較清楚。若寫成He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders.，讀者不大看得出來of whom修飾的對象是誰（falls還是the shoulders），所以不適合這樣說。
Some members advocate that we should effect a change of policy. 有書中指到這句話是錯的，因為advocate不能接that子句，只能接名詞或者動名詞，要改為，Some members advocate a change of policy. 可是牛津高階中就有advocate接that子句的例句，那本書的觀點是不是錯誤的？還是說它想指出例句的問題只是累贅？
Knowing Jon, he won't be home till three in the morning. 這裡的Knowing Jon應該如何理解？按照句意的話，應該是As we know jon, he won't be home till three in the morning.，Knowing Jon算不算Dangling modifier，因為主語不一致？
1. He leaves next week. 2. He will leave next week. 3. He is to leave next week. 4 .He is leaving next week. 5. He is going to leave next week. 6. He will be leaving next week. 請問旋老師這六句話有什麼含意差異?
老師您好 America's digital infrastructure is deeply vulnerable. As has become the norm with cyberattacks, the how became apparent long before the who or why. (Experts don't believe a nation-state sponsored the strike; a collective claimed responsibility. 1As has...why的中文意思是?
It's difficult to imagine Donald Trump making a list—or doing many of the things Clinton would if she becomes President. 2would是未來事實，意思是willing to do ?
But Mosul is special to ISIS—it was from the pulpit of the city's Great Mosque that its commander, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, made his first sermon after the group declared the founding of a worldwide caliphate, in a moment captured in a video released on July 5... 3in a moment 是指after the group declared the founding of a worldwide caliphate? 可是原文為何不直接寫 a moment，感覺多了個in是不是多餘的 ? 謝謝老師
1. New sites for waste disposal will be determined having regard to environmental matters. 2. Commander should devise plans having regard to operational needs.
在坊間某書中看到一句話： I wonder who it was that/who stole my money. 這個句子的形容詞子句前並沒有出現先行詞，把前面第一個who作為先行詞也可以嗎？句子為什麼能成立？是文法沒有問題的句子嗎？
如果Whale hunting will not be tolerated, warns he.是錯誤的句子，那是否意味着下面的第一句話不能倒裝成下面的第二句呢？如果可以倒裝的話，為什麼上面的句子是錯誤的句子呢？ 1.He who is the chief administrator of a small but vociferous organization dedicated to environmental protection by any means possible, warns that whale hunting will not be tolerated.
2.Whale hunting will not be tolerated, warns he who is the chief administrator of a small but vociferous organization dedicated to environmental protection by any means possible, warns that whale hunting will not be tolerated. 感謝旋老師解答
1 句子沒錯，如下： 直述句John stole my money. 分裂句It was John that stole my money.（that就是who，引導關係子句修飾先行詞John） 疑問句Who was it that stole my money? 名詞子句who it was that stole my money 2 改為這樣就行：Whale hunting will not be tolerated, warns the administrator. 倒裝句有一個用意是用句尾這個重要位置來交代主詞是誰，所以這個主詞不應該是代名詞（代名詞只是重複，份量不夠）。同樣的情況如：There goes the train. There it goes. 但是不能說There goes it.（誤）
75 bushels of wheat was/were delivered to my front door. 為什麼動詞既可以使用was也可以使用were呢？
We should not judge things by their appearance. 這句中things使用了複數型，但是後面的appearance卻沒用使用複數型，appearance是可數名詞，前後沒有達到「數的一致」，為什麼是正確的說法呢？
be+Ving表達未來時間是一些跟go有關的動詞才能表達，像come, leave等，可是下面的情況跟go沒有關係，為什麼可以用be+Ving表示未來時間，用於將來時呢？敢問其詳？ I am giving a lecture tomorrow. My father is buying me a new bicycle next week.
旋老師好，想向您請教幾個問題： Forty acres are ready for John to plow. Those three minutes were the worst I ever spent. The first years are the hardest. 年和分鐘都是時間單位，理應使用單數動詞，可是這裡都使用了複數，有文法書規定有所指的數量名詞使用複數動詞，老師能不能用上面的句子作為例子講解一下其中的道理？
Cloth is made of/from cotton/skill/wool. 為什麼這裡既可以使用of，也可以使用from？在意義上不是矛盾嗎？
1 主詞若是度量衡單位時，動詞用單數或複數都可以。例如：forty acres is表示「這麼大一塊土地」，forty acres are表示「40個acres」 2 made of感覺比較直接：「是用什麼做的」。made from感覺比較間接：「是從什麼轉變過來的」。有時候是取決於講話的人：你認為是比較直接還是比較間接。當然，也有時候是有定論的，例如wine is made from grapes, 就不能用made of（因為其間發生了重大的轉變）
A no sooner than B，AB究竟是哪一個先發生？ ⇒No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.她剛一說完，淚水便奪眶而出。 1.按文法來說，She had said it no/not sooner than she burst into tears.是不是都是對的表述呢？ 2.既然是no sooner than，前面絕不比後面那個快(no sooner)，那就是說前面那個比後面那個要晚發生，那為什麼主句(She had said it)採用過去完成式(過去的過去)，按邏輯來說不應該是後面採用過去完成式嗎，說成she had burst into tears嗎？請問老師，我是哪裡想錯了呢？ 3.既然她是說完之後才流淚的，那為什麼是no sooner than？而且no表示「絕不」，按邏輯來看sooner than不是更合理嗎？
在Guide to Patterns and Usage in English中看到了這兩個例句 1.I don't know who to ask for help. 2.I don't know whom to ask for help. 兩者應該如何還原？第一句是解釋成I don't know who should ask for help.嗎，不過感覺後面的who should ask for help很奇怪
直述句是I should ask him for help. 疑問句是Whom should I ask for help? 名詞子句是 whom I should ask for help，所以正確的說法是I don't know whom I should ask for help. 可減化為I don't know whom to ask for help. 但是，一般人沒有那麼仔細，在該用受格whom的地方採用主格who也都是可以接受的。只有一種情況：直接跟在介系詞後面，如to whom, with whom, in whom等等，就必須交代是受格
We think of our classroom as a real organization with problems of leadership, social pressure, interpersonal friction, etc. which parallel those in companies and elsewhere. 這句的etc應該在句中位置，可是前後的標點卻是, etc.而不是, etc,是不是原句的標點符號有問題呢？ 雖然在正式場合下不能使用縮寫，etc.在句中、句末的標點符號應該怎麼規範？句中是etc,還是etc.還是etc.,？句末應該是etc.還是etc..？ 還是先還原成et cetera再進行判斷符號的使用？有無美式和英式的處理差別？ 謝謝旋老師
The number of students who have a part-time job has increased, as can be seen in the table.是否可以改寫為下面這一句？把be給省略 The number of students who have a part-time job has increased, as seen in the table. 或者把副詞子句減化，改寫為下面這一句？ The number of students who have a part-time job has increased, to be seen in the table. 若不能改寫的話又是為何？麻煩旋老師點明 謝謝旋老師
牛津字典中說不能講I don't know why to do it.，可是I don't know why I should do it.不是講的通嗎，我不知道為什麼我要做這件事，減化後就是I don't know why to do it.，那為什麼講不通呢？但卻能說I don't know when to do it.
All/Both of them are not happy. 都可以被解釋成「部分否定」或者「全部否定」嗎？都有兩種不同但正確的解釋？
旋老師您好， We should eat to live, not live to eat. 這句話內部是不是缺少了連接詞but？
How long would she stay here, did you suppose? How long would she stay here, you supposed? How long did you suppose she would stay here? 請教旋老師上面三句的正誤？後面兩句是否表示同一個意思？第三句中的did you suppose是插入語嗎，還是主句部分？
老師您好 Countries that have agreed to accept middling levels of refugees have done so slowly, and often to fierce resistance by populist politicians 1to fierce resistance有省略什麼字嗎? to fierce resistance 的to在此是什麼意思 ? The idea of etching your emotional pain into your body was not a big step from the body as a canvas as an idea. 2as an idea是 the body as an idea ? 3not a big step from = not so different from ? 4the body前是省略the idea of the body...? 如果省略有比較好嗎 ?
1 對等子句省略and (they have done so) often to fierce resistance...「而且他們這樣做的時候，往往面對強烈的抵抗…」 2 是the body as a canvas這個idea：同樣都是比喻 3 是 4 因為後面有as an idea，所以前面不必重複 5 「比較細膩得多」
If you would take a seat for a moment, I'll see if Mr Turner is in. 麻煩旋老師分析一下這句的語氣助動詞would的用法 第一句的would看起來不像是語氣助動詞的一般用法，但卻用了過去式？
I should be grateful if you would reply urgently. 1.這裡是should表示什麼意思呢？ 2.would為什麼採用過去式？後面的意思是「如果你能儘快回復的話」，表示能夠，不是應該用can/could嗎，為什麼這裡採用了would，這裡的would表示什麼意思呢？
為什麼在沒有特別指代時，四季前有的加the，有的又不加the呢？ 例如： It is a pretty sight to see these orchards in the spring. In the summer I often leave home early in the morning, and roam about fields and lanes all days. In summer the heat of the sun is tempered by the fresh keen air of the mountain.
on earth和on the earth兩種用例都有，前者earth並沒有大寫成Earth，但任然成立，為什麼the省略了之後還能夠成立呢？ 然而on the moon, in the world 的the卻無法省略the？這是什麼道理呢？
老師您好 (提要: FBI director James Comey alterted Congress that new mails had been found and that they could be relevant to the Clinton investigation) If it leaked after the election that Comey did not inform Congress of new evidence that might have been damaged Clinton, his credibility and that of the election results might have been called into doubt. １Leaked, did not inform是現在非事實 ; might have been damaged 是猜測過去至今; might have been called是過去非事實 ?
A few of the prisoners profiled on his website have received clemency. But the names of others whose stories mirror his he recites from memory: Michael Holmes, Altonio Douglas and Eva Atencio. ２But the names...= But the names of others, having not received clemency, whose stories.... ? 謝謝老師
The cases of tourists *having* items stolen by pinchers is on the rise so the local government is increasing the police presence in tourist locations. 游客物品被小偷盗窃的现象不断增多，所以地方政府正在增加旅游景点的警力。 請問旋老師:這裡的having什麼意思?另外可否請旋老師幫我還原這部分成簡單句，感謝您。
老師您好 Gottheimer, a former Clinton White House speechwriter, has raised more than the GOP incumbent. Some of Garrett's contributors (Garrett is the GOP member) cut off funding amid reports that he made anti-gay remarks. 1 has raised more than the GOP incumbent的意思是 ?
If you give up trying to know what you cannot know, perhaps, to paraphrase Shakespeare,perhaps that is when bad begins, but, on the other hand, worst remains behind. 2to paraphrase Shakespeare=if we could paraphrase Shakespeare ? that is ...behind.這句是改寫 Shakespeare的話 ，因為有paraphrase 這個字? 謝謝老師
If that's the way you feel, so be it. 這句話後面的so be it應該怎麼還原成一般的句子？
There is no children. There are no children. 是不是後者才是正確的表述？
There is someone running in the street. 是不是應該還原成：Someone who is running in the street is there. 還是應該還原成：Someone is there running in the street. 按照旋老師的邏輯，哪一種才是正解？感覺兩種解釋都好像很合理的樣子，麻煩老師解惑
老師您好 The task of the Trump campaign was to tap this seething populist distrust of the nation's elites, and they had no better foil than Clinton. they had...than Clinton.意思是 : 那些 elites跟 Clinton根本是如出一轍 (沒什麼不同)? 謝謝老師
"It's the insistence on people being "right" that's at the root of rage and intolerance, for we are never more furious than when we believe we *had signed up* to perfection. " 請問旋老師: 1. sign up這裡的意思是? 2. had signed up-->為什麼用過去完成式? 來源:影片的1:51秒( https://tw.voicetube.com/videos/26997 )
老師您好 On election night, when an advisor turned to congratulate him with the title he was soon to earn, Mr. President, Trump stopped him. “Not yet,” he said. He can only say that for so much longer 1He can only say that for so much longer背後的意思是:他說 Not yet的機會並不多了，因為他快當選了 ?
Katherine Johnson was always running. She ran, several times a day. The half mile from her desk at NASA to the colored ladies' restroom on the other side of the Research Center, toting binders full of calculations so as not to lose precious time that—this being the height of the space race—the Soviets no doubt were using well. 2this being的this是指precious time 嗎 ? 那being可以省略嗎 ? 3 was always running跟always run 意思是相同的? 謝謝老師
老師您好 'Mayday!' came the frantic call from inside a helicopter... 1'Mayday!' came the frantic call的意思是? 有無倒裝 ?
His daring helped save fellow Americans, but by the time U.S. troops could make it to the wreckage, he was gone. 2he was gone可以改成he had been gone嗎 ? 如果可以改的話，he had been gone表示:早就已經死了; 而he was gone則單純表示他死了這個事實 ?
I wish I could say that Hillary Clinton had similar moments of courage, moments when she defied her party's entrenched base, but she didn't . 3defied是現在非事實，而 didn't為過去事實 ? 謝謝老師
1 Mayday來自法文，字面翻譯是Help me!，也就是「救命！」。這是倒裝句，還原為The frantic call "Mayday!" came from inside a helicopter. 2 因為gone本身就有完成的暗示，所以不必再用完成式。除非像這種情況：By the time..., he had been gone for two hours. 3 前面有I wish I could say that...引導，表示後面都是「非事實」，直到but之後才回到事實
老師您好 …...The country's central bank said hackers had managed to pilfer 2 billion rubles, about $31 million, this year. No one has said publicly who they were or why they did so. Where does that leave the rest of us? Grappling with an acutely modern form of disquiet—the suspicion that the information we have become used to creating in mass quantities, almost constantly, may come to light, out of context and as destructive payload. 1the suspicion是belief ? 2the information...payload. 背後的意思是 ?
But as Trump takes power and France ponders whether to put an icon of the far right in the Elysee Palace, the West seems to belong to the populists. Only the brave would bet against them after the year they've had. 3Only the brave...had意思是 :在全新的一年，那些勇敢的人不看好民粹?
...Trumps methods tend to be closer to the opposite. And this is now Trump's America to run, a vicotory made possible either because of historical inevitability or individual brilliance, or some combination of the two. 4a vicotory...=because there is a victory .. ? 謝謝老師
1 類似belief，「懷疑，猜測」 2 「我們經常在大量創造的資訊（例如在Facebook上）可能會曝光，而且是斷章取義、拿來攻擊我們」 3 「他們這一年來無往不利，所以只有很勇敢的人才敢賭他們會輸」 4 是主要子句this is now Trump's America to run整句話的同位格，亦即which is a victory...
Hollow urban shells were apparently home to more cranes than humans.[摘自衛報] 這裡的home to more cranes than humans是什麼意思呢？不應該說成Hollow urban shells were apparently more cranes than home to humans.嗎？是不是原句的錯誤？
This catholic church has been here from before the middle of the 19th century. 這句中介系詞from為何能接before the middle of the 19th century.呢，後面這個成分並不是名詞，應該如何解讀？ It was a scheme as bold and eccentric as any to emerge from China's 21st-century sprint towards urbanisation. 1.這句話的as bold and eccentric as any應該如何還原呢？說成a bold and eccentric scheme as any或者a scheme as any bold and eccentric scheme行嗎？從文法上應該如何理解？ 2.這句中的to do表示什麼含義？是in order to嗎？ 謝謝旋老師解答！
1 from (the time) before... 的省略 2 It was a scheme that was bold and eccentric. Any scheme that would emerge from... was bold and eccentric. 這兩句話在bold and eccentric這個比較點上進行比較，採取「等於」（as...as）
老師你好: 請教老師幾題文法問題 1. Anyone who has ever pulled weeds from a garden ........ roots firmly anchor plants to the soil. (A)is well aware of (B)is well aware that (C)well aware (D)well aware that 請問老師這題答案給C 為什麼不是 B
Then at the turn of the 19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that language was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible gained some currency, and with it that, if attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible. 1. 這句的with it that是什麼意思，that是連接詞嗎，如果後面是同位語的話，那and後面的主句空缺，對等連接詞連接的對等成分是什麼？ 2. 句中view和translation之間要加上that，可是同位語子句的連接詞不是可以省略嗎，為什麼這裡不加就是錯的呢？還是加不加都可以，只是為了表達清楚加上that合適？ 3. at all不用於否定句時應該怎麼解讀，麻煩旋老師用句中的if attempted at all講解一下
1 還原為 ...and with it, the view that, if attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible, gained some currency. 這是在對等連接詞and後面把和前面重複的部分省略掉的結果 2 因為在and後面的對等位置有that，所以前面也要有that才符合平行對稱的要求 3 暗示it shouldn't be attempted，就可以說it attempted at all
Journalists should have to produce proof of identity. No one should have to suffer such degrading treatment. 1. should have to和should和have to之間有什麼區別呢？ 2. have to本身也是語氣助動詞，而且have to與must接近，為何前面還要接一個should？
Low levels of straying are crucial, since the process provides a source of novel genes and a mechanism by which a location can be repopulated should the fish there disappear. 請問老師，為什麼if the fish there should disappear可以改成should the fish there disappear.？這個帶有假設語氣的句子是在句尾部分，而不是在句首，為什麼也能這樣倒裝？ 一般情況下，當虛擬條件句置於句尾時，像It would be a disaster for us all, if this enterprise were to fail.能不能倒裝成It would be a disaster for us all were this enterprise to fail.？
Many business owners talk about leaving – falling trade is the primary reason, tensions of one sort or another the second. 1 其中的one sort or another the second是什麼意思？ 2 another the second，another和the同為中位限定詞，旋老師提過中位限定詞之間相互排斥，那這裡的another the second應該怎麼去理解？
請教旋老師： I explained the whole document to him, that is to say, I went through it word for word with him. He never went, that is to say, it is not recorded that he did. that is to say是副詞子句的引導詞嗎？一般的情況常是作為副詞充當插入語，可上面的情況都沒有加conj，應該如何理解that is to say充當的成分？ that is to say是否既充當一般的副詞，又可以作為副詞子句的引導詞？
老師您好 She's the woman who was almost President, she is what might have been and what will yet be. what might have been是過去非事實？而 what will yet be意思是有可能將來成為總統 ? yet＝even at this stage or time ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 There is no God in Caloocan City, not tonight. The lights have gone out in the windows of the church in this Manila slum... A hand-painted announcement hangs on the wall of a shop:STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS! GET INTO SPORTS! Up the muddy lane, police officers climb a flight of stairs to a narrow corridor where there is a fresh body—one of at least five people summarily executed in Manila on this night... 這是一篇有關於the toll of President Rodrigo Duterte's bloody campaign aganist illega drugs and those who use them的文章。There is no God in Caloocan City, not tonight是在暗示這個國家已經沒有法律可言了嗎，因為連神都沒辦法主持正義了 ?
Global leaders promised to address the growing issue of drug resistance—meaning bacteria that can no longer be treated with antibiotics during a meeting.. meaning...如果改成meaning that bacteria can no longer be treated with antibiotics會不會比較好。因為按照原句的寫法，drug resistance等於bacteria ;若修改句子，則drug resistance等於that bacteria can no … ? 謝謝老師
"The economy is expected to be revised upwards, but as sometimes happens, little of such economic growth as there is finds its way to the poor. " -->這句話沒有語境，是一本練習冊的句子，請問旋老師"as there is"怎麼理解? 謝謝!
老師您好 The most talked-about reality TV today merges both forms, reclaiming the sense that anything can happen at any time and peppering in a Hollywood packager’s gift for casting, editing and foreshadowing. peppering in要改成peppering with ?
…places we don’t usually see in movies unless the filmmaker is trying to make a statement about “urban” life, with all the divisions those quotation marks imply. with all the divisions those quotation marks imply. 的意思是這些地方一點也不urban ? 那divisions=the opposite ? 謝謝老師
1 不用，pepper in字面上是「像灑楜椒一樣灑下去」，暗示「加上、加進去」，加的東西就是a Hollywood packager's gift 2 只有這樣，意思不清楚。我查了一下，原文是all the color-line divisions，意思才清楚。"urban" life是「『所謂』都市生活」，暗示「一般人刻板印象中的都市生活」。那個印象就是「downdown區多為黑人、郊區多為白人」。這種「由膚色劃分人種」的情況就是color-line divisions
老師您好 British Prime Minister has fallen in line with Trump's worldview on Israel. That worldview could not be more different from that of the outgoing Obama Administration, whose pro-Israeli position could be summed up with the old adage “Friends don't let friends drive drunk”--that is, build settlements that destroy a two-state solution 1Friends don't let friends drive drunk指不會讓朋友作危險的事，但 build settlements...是破壞和平的事，怎麼會跟Friends ...劃上等號 ? 而且同一篇文章又提到the passage of U.N. Resolution 2334 which affirmed that Israel's settlements in occupied territories have no legal validity..
Trump's words will have consequences. As another Inauguration Day faded from Washington with the light draining from the clouded West—and Trump's hurry-up day falling further and further behind schedule—the world began preparing for their arrival. 2As another ...West是暗示不看好Trump?那句子又有個 another，是不是暗示之前的總統們其實做得也不怎麼樣 ? 3...falling further為何不改成fell behind，這樣前後句子才對稱 ? 謝謝老師
1 build settlements是跟drive drunk劃上等號。亦即：以色列執意要build settlements，這會破壞和平（two-state solution），美國要是真朋友就不能讓他一意孤行、酒後駕車（也就是不能讓以色列去build settlements） 2 每一天結束，都是西邊的晚霞逐漸暗淡，所以the light draining from the clouded West不一定表示不看好Trump，也並不暗示每一屆的inauguration都不好。 3 對稱關係是：...with (A)the light (a)draining from the clouded West and (B)Trump's hurry-up day (b)falling further...，其中A與B對稱、a與b對稱，然後整個with介系詞片語修飾動詞faded。後面的Trump's hurry-up day falling further and further behind schedule是說川普這個急沖沖、拚命趕的大日子，一整天的節目都趕不上時間表，而且越拖越嚴重
老師您好 Put Chuck Schumer and Donald Trump in a room together and you can’t miss the connection. They are the leaders of rival parties, sharp opponents on Twitter and in the press, but they live by the same words, as big and bold as the city that made them. “Beautiful!” they will say, though at different times and about different things. “Wonderful!” “Horrible!” “So, so great!”…… Still, for all the phone conversations, the warnings and the remonstrations between the two New York potentates, Schumer sees the shock and awe of Trump’s first weeks in office as a bad sign. He is waiting for Trump to move to the middle but is increasingly skeptical that the President will ever get there. “You never know if he’s really paying attention,” says Schumer of Trump. It could have been “wonderful,” “beautiful” and “great.” It could have been “wonderful,” “beautiful” and “great.”是說，如果Trump真的move to the middle，那真的就太好了 ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Harden(a basketball player) knows what his squad is up against. But he doesn’t lack for confidence. When asked if he’s the best player in the world right now, he doesn’t hedge. “For sure,” he says. “I feel like I’m solid in everything: IQ, studying the game, I can score the basketball, make my teammates better. There are not a lot of guys that have all those characteristics in one. They might be way more athletic, can shoot the ball way better. But everything solid in one human body?” Good luck stopping that. 1Good luck stopping that背後的意思是 ?
More than the politics around global warming has changed since the first film. Technology allowed the producers to capture images unthinkable even a decade ago, including one unforgettable shot of hundreds of thousands of penguins camped out together, in an image stretching to the horizon. 2More than可以解釋為除了the politics around global warming has…這一件事外，尚有Technology allowed…這一件事 ? 謝謝老師
Without defined property rights or a community invested in their upkeep, the interests of individual actors in exploiting such areas win out over the collective interest in husbanding them.
其中＂a community invested in their upkeep＂是否為＂a community that is invested in their upkeep＂的簡化，如果是，其文義為何(被投資保護的社區?)，如果改成主動型態 (a community investing in their upkeep)(會投資保護的社區，感覺比較好理解)是否一樣正確呢?
1。是 2。若用主動態，是這一句：a community that invests itself in their upkeep「一個將自己投入在維護他們的社區」。情況和dress, seat等動詞一樣，經常採用被動態是因為主詞和動詞相同（例如：He is dressed in blue. He dressed himself in blue.）
老師好: Some people eat mostly fast food. One study shows that many fast-food eaters have a lot in common with _________, but they are very different from vegetarian. 答案:one another，為什麼呢?請問可否用each other? 有甚麼差異呢? 謝謝老師。
老師您好 Business and the pink dollar have to lead the way. Last summer, 10 same-sex couples won a free wedding ceremony and honeymoon in California courtesy of Taobao, the online shopping platform run by Alibaba, which obviously felt comfortable enough to run the competition despite same-sex marriage being illegal in China. In January a trans¬gender man won a landmark court case for unfair dismissal against his employer. Says Ma, “Once my generation is grown up, everything should be way easier.”
That is also when the real dividends of China’s pink economy will be reaped. As Liu points out, today’s gay Chinese with real spending power—ages 30 to 50—are typically in closeted heterosexual relationships. But some young ¬Chinese are able to come out in their teens or 20s to a somewhat more accepting society, and the beginnings of a social apparatus to help them thrive in their own skin. This generation has not yet reached its peak economic potential. “Right now, China’s pink economy is still in a nurturing stage,” says Liu. “But in five, 10 years, you’ll see it really blossoming.” Call it China’s LGBT Spring. 1 第二段That is also when the real….的That is是Once my generation is grown up? 2第二段…when the real dividends of China’s pink economy will…. 為什麼when 可以跟will連用? 3第二段today’s gay Chinese … in closeted heterosexual relationships.既然是gay的話，為什麼又有所謂的closeted heterosexual relationships? 謝謝老師
1 是 2 這個when子句不是副詞子句（文法規則是說「副詞子句中用現在式代替未來式）。句子可以還原為that is also the time when...，裏面的when子句是形容詞子句（關係子句），修飾先行詞the time，而the time和主詞that相同，被省略掉了。 3 today's gay Chinese「今日的中國同性戀人士」，因為還不敢出櫃（come out of the closed公開露面），所以還是暗中的（closeted在櫃內），外表要用heterosexual relationships（異性關係）來遮掩
老師您好 But it’s worth noting that this isn’t a normal year. Trump, voicing the id of a populist base, has already made confetti of long-held Republican orthodoxy, embraced incendiary rhetoric and promised policies that have traditional business-side Republicans running for the hills. The idea that he could be the first President in over three decades to embrace a revolutionary policy with big risks and big rewards is not out of the question. “There have been a lot of dark times over the years,” Nunes says, describing his battle to get the Republican caucus to seriously consider the BAT. “I’d say we’re closer now than ever.” 1I’d say we’re closer now than ever.是I’d say we’re closer now than ever to get the Republican caucus to seriously consider the BAT. ? 2 made confetti of long-held Republican orthodoxy,的意思是 ? 3promised policies that have traditional business-side Republicans running for the hills指這些黨員不再支持Trump的政策，跟他劃清界限 ? 謝謝老師
分別還原為主動態： 1 Soldiers(S) shot(V) a suspected terrorist(O) dead(C). 改為被動態之後，一般文法書的句型分析如下： A suspected terrorist(S) was shot(V) dead(C). 2 People(S) consider(V) this(O) as a terrorist attack. 句中的as a terrorist attack是介系詞片語，修飾consider。改為被動態，一般文法書是這樣斷句的： This(S) is considered(V) as a terrorist attack.
老師您好： 這是英文教學雜誌裡的一個例句：This beautiful seashell must have washed up onto the shore after last night's storm. 我疑惑是不是應該要改成被動式才對呢？(... must have been washed up ...)，或是原句才是正確的。
老師您好 While South Korea and Japan are protected by their alliances with the U.S. and its nuclear umbrella, how long would that situation hold?... Would proliferation stop with South Korea and Japan? How about Taiwan ? The Non-Proliferation Treaty would be reduced to tatters …. 1 Would proliferation…Taiwan ?是在暗示South Korea ，Japan， Taiwan都有核武嗎?
She is so darling, you just want to scoop her up. And sure enough, someone does. 2 someone does.= someone scoops her up ?
That accident showed the U.S. grid for what it was: an antiquated piece of 20th century technology struggling to power the 21st century. Most utilities didn’t know their customers had lost power until they picked up the phone and heard from irate customers. Regulations on utility reliability amounted to little more than industry peer pressure. The grid, in a word, was dumb. 3 Regulations on …was dumb.是在暗示什麼
His actions remind me of nothing so much as Mao’s Cultural Revolution. 4 nothing so much as=nothing more than , 也就是只讓人想到文革 ? 謝謝老師
老師好 And if they forgot something important─such as whether or not a plant was safe to eat or how to treat an illness─it could have had serious consequences. 條件子句採與現在事實相反假設語氣，依邏輯，主要子句應採與現在事實相反假設語氣即可it could have serious consequences，為何此句要採與過去事實相反假設的語氣呢?邏輯為何?
老師您好 Prohibition was just a bad rumor in the city’s nightclubs, which pulsed with jazz and sex. A young ambulance driver home from France, Walt Disney, was surely in that crowd. 1Prohibition was just a bad rumor的意思是? 2in that crowd. 改成in these crowds會不會比較好?因為原文的that指city’s nightclubs
The reality, however, is far more complicated. Undoing Obama’s climate regulations is more like plugging a burst dam than reversing the water’s flow. Without the Clean Power Plan, the EIA expects natural gas and renewable power to account for a combined 57% of the nation’s electricity by 2040. With the plan, those sources were projected to reach 65%. “It’s nonsense. Coal is not coming back,” says Mark Barteau, director of the University of Michigan Energy Institute. “It’s going to continue to lose to cheap natural gas.” 3Undoing Obama’s…flow是暗示治標不治本，因為不管with or without plan, coal增減的幅度都不大? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Under her leadership, iCivics has grown into America's largest civic-learning provider; more than 5 million students played its games this past school year. Today there could not be more pressing work. As Sandra has famously noted, "The practice of democracy is not transferred through the gene pool. It must be taught and learned anew by each generation of citizens." 1there could not be more pressing work是說沒有比 The practice of democracy... citizens更pressing的事 ?
When LeBron James, my hometown of Akron’s most famous son, takes flight to dunk, even I, a poet usually averse to battered clichés, am tempted to call it poetry in motion—if we agree that poetry can be stormy as well as smooth, thrillingly true yet downright mean as it lures you one way, pivots and drives its point home. 2不了解這一段所要傳達的意思是 ? 謝謝老師
This casue has not been more embraced. 3has not been more embraced.是接受度不高的意思 ? 謝謝老師
老師好 以下是某大學教材中的兩則句子: A big obstacle to full participation is accessibility. Accessibility affects people with physical disabilities by creating a barrier where other more able-bodied people can easily pass. 我的翻譯為: 身體障礙人士全面參與社會活動的關鍵，在於是否有無障礙設施的設立。是否有無障礙設施對於他們有極大的影響，因常見一些對於正常人能夠輕易通過的設施，對他們卻是一種障礙。 依此邏輯，覺得這兩個句子有點怪。第一個句子的主詞是負面元素，可是主詞補語怎麼會是正面元素。我可能改寫成: A big obstacle to full participation is whether there is physically accessible environment. 至於第二則句子，不知使用by，道理何在?覺得改成because of較佳。 請問老師的看法，感恩!
老師您好 The intersection of the two thoughts–a fondness for Jackson and a belief, first expressed in TIME last summer, that the war Shelby Foote once called “the cross-roads of our being” could have been resolved by the right dealmaker–is not surprising １“the cross-roads of our being的意思是？，而being在這的意思又是 ?
When I was 16, I worked in the nursing home a few miles from my house. It sat without irony right next to a funeral parlor. There was just a driveway between the two buildings, and the funeral director used to send leftover flower arrangements that we’d dismantle and put in vases so they weren’t quite so recognizable. There was, as you can imagine, some traffic going the other way too. 2some traffic going the other way too是在暗示什麼 ?
As play by Kurt Russell, Ego is the movie’s one pleasure. 3As play by Kurt Russell的中文意思是
1 being意思是「存在、生存」，our being可以解釋為「我們一生中」。the crossroads of our being意思是「我們一生中所經過的許許多多十字路口」，暗示「抉擇的關口」 2 前面是說「花朵由殯儀館流向養老院」，而some traffic gooing the other way too意思是「反方向的流動也有」，暗示「死者由養老院流向殯儀館」 3 看起來是played之誤：「由Kurt Russell飾演」
老師好 Is your personality the result of the family you were born into and of all the experiences you had growing up? 關於of all the experiences you had growing up此介系詞片語，覺得寫成of all the experience of growing up you had，較能理解，不知of all the experiences you had growing up的文法邏輯? 請老師解惑，感恩!
老師您好 Dealing with the forces that drive populism is no easier than dealing with the forces that drive climate change, and they are all too easy for political leaders to avoid. But ignoring either trend will produce an overheated world and rising tides. That’s why, no matter what headlines you may read this spring about the triumph of globalists over nationalists, the truth is that we’re all in this together. 1 we’re all in this together.的意思是 ? this 在這指的是 ?
Why didn’t Anna Jarvis stick to the theme of educating mothers? Perhaps because she was not one herself… 2she was not one herself, 的意思是 ?
As for the President, White House officials insisted that he was amazed by the hostile reaction to the firing. Where have Americans heard that before? Shocked by the protests against his travel ban, surprised by the complexity of health care, wowed by the nuances of Asian geopolitics. There’s no end to the discoveries a person can make when he pursues a high office without bothering to learn what it entails. Everyone seemed to like it when Trump barked, “You’re fired!” once a week on The Apprentice. So what happened? 3So what happened?背後的意思是 ?
As played by Kurt Russell, Ego is the movie’s one pleasure. 及Played by Kurt Russell, Ego 4is the movie’s one pleasure. 在語意上有差別嗎 ?
1 意思是「我們都在同一條船上」。this指的是「這種情況、這件事情」 2 She was not a mother herself. 句中的one是a mother的省略 3 So what happened to change people's minds? 之前他在電視節目中fire別人，觀眾看得非常高興。那麼到底出了什麼事，造成現在他fire掉FBI局長，全民卻是交相遣責？ 4 差不多
First, when choosing the best people for government, management, or any other field, it makes sense to have the widest possible choice. 這是某閱讀教材中的句子，我覺得犯了dangling modifier的錯誤。應改為: First, when the best people are chosen for government, management, or any other filed, it makes sense to have the widest possible choice. 或 First, when different sectors choose the best people for government, management, or any other field, it makes sense to have the widest possible choice. 煩老師解惑!
何謂不完全不及物動詞和不完全及物動詞？
回覆刪除在《旋元佑文法》中，曾提到所謂「不完全不及物動詞」和「不完全及物動詞」這兩個名稱，可否對這兩種動詞稍加定義及解釋呢？謝謝。
旋元佑_每周擇要擇親解（及物與不及物動詞）
刪除所謂「不完全」，就是需要加補語的意思。
書中提到過「不完全不及物動詞」和「不完全及物動詞」，但也同時說明這兩個名稱並不重要，重要的是要了解句型。你既然問起，我就簡單說明一下。
後面要加受詞的動詞稱為及物動詞，後面不加受詞的動詞稱為不及物動詞，我想這兩種動詞應該都很熟悉了。而所謂「不完全」，就是需要加強補語的意思，例如：
He looks happy. (他看起來快樂。)
這裡的look沒有受詞，所以是不及物動詞。它的後面要有補語happy，意思才完整，所以是不完全動詞。這個look用在這裡就是一個不完全不及物動詞。
The gift makes him happy. (這件禮物使他覺得愉快。)
這裡的make有受詞him，所以是及物動詞。它後面還要有補語happy意思才完整，所以是不完全動詞。因此這裡的make就是一個不完全及物動詞。
再強調一次：這些名稱並不重要，不須拘泥在這些名稱上頭，只要好好看懂書中的句型就可以了。
The number of physicians caring for the elderly ____ in recent years, a time when this type of care is needed most.
回覆刪除A.declining
B.has declined
C.have declined
D.to decline
請問the number of +名詞 為何是單數?複數不行嗎?
a number of +名詞 是複數嘛?
謝謝旋老師
the number是主詞，意思是一個「數字」，所以是單數，後面的of physicians只是一個修飾主詞的介系詞片語，不影響到主詞的單複數。若改為a number of physicians，其中a number of是限定詞，意思是「若干個」，相當於a few, several, some, a lot of等等，主詞是後面的physicians，所以是複數
刪除旋
◆Despite our efforts to stop the bill, it still cleared both the House and the Senate with ease.
回覆刪除◆She still loves him, for all his faults.
在although的轉換上還是摸不著頭腦，麻煩旋老師提點一下如何把上面的句子改寫成although引導的副詞子句
I'm not buying the children anything else today - I've spent far too much money as it is.
我花了很多錢是過去的事實，為何句中的as it is不是as it was？用as it was對嗎？
謝謝老師
1. Although we tried to stop the bill, it still...
刪除2. Although he has a lot of faults, she still loves him.
as it is意思是「事實如此」，也就是it is a fact that I've spent too much，所以要用現在式
旋
I think I can say nothing but it truely makes me sad.
回覆刪除I think I can say nothing but saying it truely makes me sad.
「我只想說這真令我傷心」，不知道上面兩句話哪一句的文法才是正確的，如果都是錯的，怎麼樣說才符合文法呢？
John was at a loss as to what to do next.
She was totally at a loss what to do.
at a loss表示茫然、不知所措，是介系詞片語，為何加與不加介系詞都是對的呢？at a loss是不是屬於副詞性質呢？
she became popular, and was at a loss to know why
這裡的to know why應該如何還原好呢？來源於名詞/形容詞/副詞子句的哪一種減化？有些難以理解這裡的to know why是怎麼造出來的，麻煩旋老師指點
兩句的文法都正確，但兩句中的it代表的是什麼都不夠清楚。另外，兩句的意思都和原文有差距。或者可以這樣說：All I can say is that this really makes me sad.
刪除at a loss是介系詞片語，應該要加as to才能接名詞片語what to do next，不加是被省略掉了
還原為副詞子句she can know why，前面本來有個連接詞（如so之類）但是被減化，子句修飾的是動詞was
_____ the system detect any breach in security, it will automatically close and lock all outside doors.
回覆刪除A.Would
B.Had
C.Only
D.Should
為何答案為D?
謝謝旋老師
這是倒裝句，還原為
刪除If the system should detect..., it will automatically close...
動詞是未來時間，語氣屬於「不排除萬一」。原句是省略掉連接詞if，用倒裝來取代
旋
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好 ：
回覆刪除＂When you saw the dress and asked me about it, I got defensive and snapped at you, but I actually knew that it was all my fault.I cannot tell you how ashamed I am that I yelled at you like that.＂
當中＂I cannot tell you how ashamed I am that I yelled at you like that.＂的兩個that該如何解讀呢？！
感謝老師 : )
第一個that是從屬連接詞，引導名詞子句，可以還原如下：I am ashamed of the fact that I yelled at you，句中的that子句是the fact的同位格。第二個that是代名詞
刪除老師好
回覆刪除If you were to make a 3-minute speech, how many minutes would you spend on each of the parts listed above? The problem is that most students would spend most of their time on the introduction, then briefly mention some main points for the body, and end with a long-winded rambling conclusion.
不解為何if子句使用與未來式實相反的結構were to，為何不用一般條件句If your are to make a 3-minute speech...
兩種語氣都可以。非事實語氣表示「你並非即將面對這種要求，但假如有的話…」。條件語氣則表示「如果真的發生這種事情的話…」
刪除旋
老師您好 ：
回覆刪除＂In the first episode, the doctors` first patient is a chameleon that refuse to eat.＂
當中＂refuse to V＂，refuse 所代表的意思是"拒絕"，感覺語意上，應該不帶有不確定的味道，為什麼後面還是以接不定詞為主，那後面可以接Ving嗎?!
感謝老師 : )
refuse to eat暗示will not eat。其中to eat是「未來」時間。若用eating亦可，但to eat較佳
刪除旋
老師您好 ：
回覆刪除＂Even more surprising is what`s inside : a massive anaconda.＂
我想請問的是這一句的主詞是 "what"所引導的名詞子句嗎?!
若"what"所引導的名詞子句為主詞的話，那後面的 ": a massive anaconda"這樣一個寫法是類似破折號的補充說明方式嗎?! 對於這樣的寫法感到些許陌生...請老師解惑～～
感謝老師 :)
1. 是
刪除2. 是。也就是what's inside的同位格
老師您好 ：
回覆刪除＂The vets also see Buttercup, a French bulldog and soon-to-be mother.＂
我想請問的是
1.其中and所連接的兩個名詞片語是這樣解讀的嗎？！
"which is a French bulldog and which is a soon-to-be mother"
2. 其中的形容詞片語 "soon-to-be"要如何還原成子句呢？！
感謝老師 : )
1. 是
刪除2. it will soon be a mother
The years have passed and the appointed time (has) come.，前面的have是複數，後面的是單數，也能把後面的has省略嗎？如果可以，又為何可以省略呢？
回覆刪除All matter consists of molecules and molecules (consists) of atoms.把後面的consists省略會不會產生歧義？
Jack was dead and Rose (is) alive.並列的兩句時態不一致，能否省略後面的is？如果可以，主語和時態都不一致，又為何可以省略呢？
1.You thought I was the fool.
2.I'm not the fool.
兩句以the fool為先行詞，寫成關係子句，是不是I'm not the fool you thought I was.？如果是病句，又是為何？
謝謝旋老師解答
可以。只要夠清楚，讀者可以判斷省掉的是什麼，就可以省略。
刪除後面省掉的是複數動詞consist，但同樣可以省略。
如果時態不同，省掉的話可能造成讀者誤解，那就不應省略。
可以這樣連接。
圖片:https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5gMZR1A2lLLeUktcVlLNmhjXzQ/view?usp=sharing
回覆刪除原文:https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/29/as-phone-hacking-trial-proves-we-have-lost-moral-purpose
---------------------------
請問旋老師:括號中的as was是否省略了什麼?該如何理解?謝謝
這是as it was的省略。這家公司現在叫作News Corps，但是原名News International
刪除Enclosed is a photo of her recently taken.
回覆刪除Billy you might as well call me.
Five apples I gave you.
像這類倒裝在正式場合下能使用嗎？又一般在什麼情況下使用？
There are the obvious financial costs of setting up new systems but equally important are the adjustment costs of adapting costs of adapting to using and interpreting new data.
1.這種補語倒裝的方式but equally important are...在考試寫作中被認可嗎？
2.後面but equally important are...應該如何翻譯？修飾語十分複雜
謝謝旋老師解答問題
enclosed...這句是商用英文常見的句法，完全正確。後面兩句比較勉強，不很正式。
刪除but equally important...這句是正確的倒裝句（主詞補語倒裝，以加強語氣），但是後面文字有錯誤，應改為but equally important are the adjustment costs of adapting to using and interpreting new data
The rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles.
回覆刪除●為何不是倒裝成Believed to be among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles.？[如果把is當作謂語]
●而是選擇倒裝成Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at which trees grow.？[如果把is believed to be當作謂語]
覺得第二種才符合旋老師的文法觀，也有支持這種倒裝方式的例句，如Lying at the front door is the dog.，還是說其實兩種倒裝方式都是對的？
類似there be的倒裝不是指「地點副詞」移到句首的倒裝嗎，among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles不是地點，為什麼也可以倒裝到句首？
Fines must be set heavy enough to stop people from doing this.
It was made known over a wide area or to a lot of people.
這兩句話能改寫成類似there be的倒裝嗎？如果可以的話麻煩老師改寫一下，如果不能的話，又是為什麼呢？
謝謝旋老師解答問題
介系詞片語among...也可算是地方副詞，在to be後面當主詞補語，移到句首構成倒裝句。比較特別的地方是：它是不定詞片語to be後面的補語，主要子句的動詞是is believed。這個句子把不定詞片語後面的補語移到句首，搭配的卻是主要子句動詞is believed的倒裝，構造有點勉強，但感覺還是可以接受的句子。這樣的選擇主要是為了加強語氣：among the "surest"...是語氣較強的部分。若選擇將believed to be...移到句首來倒裝，也是正確的句子。
刪除fines...這句可倒裝為Heavy enough must fines be set...
it was...這句可倒裝為Over a wide area was it made known...
He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders.
回覆刪除He is a man on the shoulders of whom falls a heavy responsibility.
兩句的正誤？如果第一句有錯的話，麻煩老師講一下錯的原因是什麼？
We have no hope to find him.
We have no wish of finding him.
Shakespeare was the author of 'Macbeth', as of 'Julius Caesar'.
以上幾句的正誤？
為什麼下面的兩句話表達的是同一個意思：
His work was so good that it made him internationally famous.
His work was so good as to make him internationally famous.
按老師的文法，子句中應該有一個語氣助動詞才能減化成不定式，那第二句的as to是怎麼產生的呢？
謝謝旋老師！
第一句錯。on the shoulders of whom是所有格whose shoulders的另一種寫法，兩者不能分開。
刪除第3句有點不清楚，應作as he was of。
可還原為that it could make him...（好到「足以」如何）
It might be as well for us to take a bus.為什麼等同於We might as well take a bus.？
回覆刪除It might be as well to應該如何還原？為何等同於might as well？
We proposed that he went.
這句話he went不是應該改成he go或者he should go嗎？為什麼he went也是可以的？
謝謝老師
原始句子是That we should take a bus might be as well.
刪除採用假主詞it，改寫為It might be as well that we should take a bus.
減化為It might be as well for us to take a bus.
因為有虛字it，可以利用這個位置，進一步精簡為We might as well take a bus.
We proposed that he went是比較不正式的說法
請教老師幾個問題
回覆刪除When the speaker concluded, the audience remembered one word of his talk especially which is cooperation.
When the speaker concluded, the audience remembered one word of his talk especially cooperation.
兩句話都是正確的句子嗎？修辭如何，如何修改合適？
We might as well not have taken a bus at all. It's so slow.
We might as well have walked. It would be just as quick.
might as well是語氣助動詞的話，為什麼後面可以使用完成式？使用完成式表示什麼？
謝謝老師
要加標點：
刪除...one word of his talk especially, which is cooperation.
...one word of his talk especially--cooperation.
語氣助動詞搭配完成式，表示過去時間（可能是猜測過去、也可能是過去非事實）。在本句中是過去非事實
It is hard to understand him.和He is hard to understand.兩個句式之間有什麼聯繫？
回覆刪除看起來就是把him代替了it，這樣做了句子的轉換，類似的情況還有很多，比如：It is known for him to be reliable.和He is known to be reliable.等等
He has never been known to behave like that.這句話變成主動語氣即Some have known him to behave like that.可是know的受詞不接補語啊？to behave是如何產生的？
It has never been known for him to behave like that.
It was not allowed for us to go on board.
It is considered for him to be a fool.
He is regretted to feel that way about it.
麻煩老師判定下，改寫句的文法有沒有問題
謝謝旋老師抽空解答
原始句子是It has never been known that he would behave like that.
刪除減化為It has never been known for him to behave like that.
再精簡為He has never been known to behave like that.
在know後面可以有受詞補語，例如：I know him to be a good man.
後面的4個句子，第1、2句可以（稍嫌不夠簡潔），第3、4句不正確
George is quick to take offence.和This rule is important to remember.減化後的不定式應該都來著名詞子句，但貌似兩句話的構造恰好矛盾，要看後面減化的內容才能判斷是主動還是被動，主語George、This rule更像是被強行用來強調移至句首代替了形式主語It，旋老師是如何理解這兩個句子的構成的？也麻煩老師還原一下上面兩句的構成
回覆刪除如果to take offence是副詞子句減化的產物，這就難以去理解George is quick是什麼意思，人為什麼能用quick來形容？
類似的還有The car is easy/expensive to drive.，car為什麼能用easy來形容？
We are hard to understand him.
He is hard to be understand.
We are important to remember this rule.
He is nonsense to react so aggressively.
按照上面的兩種構造，下面仿照的改寫都沒問題嗎？如果有問題的話，均犯了什麼共同的錯誤？是修飾不搭配嗎，那為何car能用easy來形容呢？
謝謝旋老師抽空解答
It is quick that George will take offense.
刪除減化為It is quick for George to take offense.
去除掉虛字it，可以再精簡為George is quick to take offense.
It is easy to drive the car.
去除掉虛字it，可以再精簡為The car is easy to drive.
It is hard that we can understand him.
減化為It is hard for us to understand him.
再精簡為He is hard (for us) to understand.
It is important that we must remember this rule.
減化為It is important (for us) to remember this rule.
再精簡為This rule is important (for us) to remember.
老師您好 ：
回覆刪除＂He has made the technology behind Tesla`s electric vehicles, and his idea for a 1200 km/h super-train called Hyperloop, free for anyone to use in good faith.＂
我想請問的是...整段話的主要動詞"made"是作使役動詞使用嗎?!
如果是的話，其中的"free"是做"the technology"與"his idea"的補語嗎?!
還是說做"which are free for..."的形容詞子句減化來看待?!那這樣的話"made"要怎麼解釋會比較洽當呢?!
感謝老師 :）
應該是使役動詞，free...是兩者的受詞補語
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Technology is developing so quickly that ethical questions that sci-fi has posed are becoming a part of our daily lives. Should robots have rights? Do devices expose our worst selves? While we may not yet have answers, these shows comple us to confront and wrestle with these dilemas together. Jones says that at a screening of “Nosedive” at a film festival, “There's was a sense of collective shame. But also relief:Oh, someone else does that do too.”
１Jones says that的 that是 There's was a sense... too ?
２someone else does that do的 that從文章中看不出來，但可以推斷因為做了''什麼事''，而產生a sense of collective shame.這個結果 ?
謝謝老師
1. 是（連接詞，引導從at開始到too為止的子句）。若不加that，讀者會以為at a screening是修飾says的
刪除2. 原文不通，應該把do刪掉
It’s so unfair that she should have died so young
回覆刪除1should have died是過去事實 ?
There is consternation about how to deal with Bernice Sanders and Elizabeth Warren on Wall Street, a careful massaging of where to come down on Warren's proposal ...
2a careful...是補充說明 how to deal with Elizabeth Warren on Wall Street ?
謝謝老師
是。用should是表示「竟然、不該」
刪除是（同位格）
老師您好 ：
回覆刪除＂There us nothing more satisfying than relaxing with a cup of mint tea while you absorb the magic of Morocco.＂
這一句比較級的用法，是有哪兩句單句所組成的呢?!
請老師指點~~
謝謝老師 : )
Something is satisfying.
刪除Relaxing... is satisfying.
合併為Something is more satisfying than relaxing...
然後再改something為that，併入另一個主要子句：There is something.，成為：
There is something that is more satisfying than relaxing...
減化為There is something more satisfying than relaxing...
最後改something為否定的nothing
老師您好 ：
回覆刪除＂Suddenly. a large eagle perched on a nearby tree spoke to them.＂
我想請問的是其中的"perched"，為什麼不是使用"perching"來修飾eagle呢?!
若以"perched"修飾eagle，會將他還原成"which was perched"的形容詞子句來解讀，可是用"被動"或者是"完成"的概念去解讀，都覺得語意不是很通順...
感謝老師 :）
情況和the house situated/located at...相同，就是關係子句that is的減化
刪除"But as far as the drug culture that they used to talk about, it’s not as heavy as it was *back* ten years ago."
回覆刪除請問旋老師:這裡的back是什麼用法?
謝謝您!
副詞，修飾ten years ago
刪除When____correctly, this air purifier will operate efficiently as well as silently in any room.
回覆刪除A.installs
B.installed
C.installing
D.being installed
正確答案為B.但D不行嗎?
謝謝旋老師~
選項D還原為When it is being installed correctly，因為有being，意思成為「當它正在被正確裝設的時候」，也就是「在裝設過程中」。但是原句要求的是「正確裝設完畢之後」，所以不應該有being
刪除這樣取代虛字it的方式為什麼是正確的，合理在哪裡？
回覆刪除比如：It is quick for George to take offense.這裡把介詞片語for George取代虛字it，介詞片語為修飾語，修飾語可有可無，為什麼可以取代主詞虛字it？
從It is quick for George to take offense.到George is quick to take offense.，前者的不定式是名詞子句的減化，後者取代虛字後卻變成了副詞修飾quick，原本不是修飾語，後來卻變成了修飾語，旋老師能否點解明為什麼發生了這種變化呢？
謝謝旋老師解答問題
George is quick to take offense.這裡的不定式是充當副詞修飾quick的話，那按道理，這裡的不定式應該是由副詞子句減化，可是不定式的原形卻是名詞子句It is quick for George to take offense.，這裡的變化有些不符合邏輯，旋老師是如何理解的？
刪除在it is quick for George to take offense句中，主詞it是虛字，可以進一步精簡。換成George當主詞，句子就成為George(S) is(V) quick(C)，後面的to take offense就是動詞片語can take offense的詞類變化，成為不定詞片語（當副詞用）修飾quick。句子變了，但是句意差不多
刪除The car is easy (for us) to drive.
回覆刪除He is hard (for us) to understand.
George is quick to take offense.
這三句話可還原成
It is easy that we can drive the car.
It is hard that we can understand him.
It is quick that George will take offense.
請教旋老師，為什麼前兩句選擇把後面的受詞the car/he前移，可是後者卻選擇把前面的主詞George前移？
這種精簡虛字，把後面的對象移至句首的手法，應該在何種情況下使用？是否跟後面的動詞是vt.或vi.有關？只限於後面子句為SVO的情況嗎？
謝謝旋老師解答
選擇把子句中的受詞還是主詞移到前面取代虛字it，應該怎麼判斷好？
刪除前兩句的主詞可能是we、也可能是one，總之是個空洞沒有內容的主詞，句子的重點分別是「車子」容易開、「他」不易了解。但是第三句的主詞George則是一個明確的對象，句子的重點在於「George」容易生氣，所以分別選擇「車子」、「他」與「George」當主詞。主要的差別不在句型，而在於句意。
刪除老師好
回覆刪除If seismologists could predict earthquakes, they would be able to save about 20,000 human lives each year.
1. 此句應非表與現在事實相反假設的句子，應若要成立，if子句的動詞部份應改成predicted。
2. 第1點若正確，那could要表何語氣呢? 表能力can的過去式，不合理。表可能推測語氣，if子句應寫成If seismologists predict earthquakes，如此才符合一般假設條件子句需使用現在式動詞表述的用法。若表允許語氣，意思變成若地震學家被允許預測地震，不合邏輯。從此三種語氣，都無法解讀could predict的正確性。然從朗文出版的英語常見問題大辭典中，說明could也可取代can，表現在及未來的能力。依此說法，似能正確解釋例句的文法正確性。另我認為使用could較can表能力的口吻來的溫和些。
不知老師的看法如何?
語氣助動詞can/could在一般用法中表示「能力」，可以用could的形式出現在「非事實」語氣中。本句中的if they could，表示actually they cannot，語氣就是「非事實」，後面搭配的they would也同樣表達「非事實」
刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除旋老師好
回覆刪除I saw a mountain the top of which was completely covered in snow.可以把the top移到關係子句內，寫成I saw a mountain of which the top was completely covered in snow.
I can lend you several books, five of which I can recommend.可以把five移到關係子句內，寫成I can lend you two books, of which I can recommend five.
那為什麼He is a man the shoulders of whom falls a heavy responsibility on.不能把the shoulders移到關係子句內，寫成He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders.呢？
為什麼前面兩者the top和five能夠移到關係子句內部呢，其中有什麼道理嗎？為什麼後面the shoulders又不可以呢？是不是因為前面限定詞是his的緣故？
怎麼判斷哪些情況能夠移動到關係子句內部，哪些情況又不能呢？
可以說...a man on the shoulders of whom falls a heavy responsibility。但是，如果說the shoulders of whom falls...，因為the shoulders of whom是名詞，看起來像主詞，後面的falls是動詞，這會令讀者誤會是the shoulders of whom(S) falls(V)...，造成錯誤
刪除As you sow, so will you reap.
回覆刪除so並不是否定副詞，為什麼後面可以倒裝成so will you呢？是還原成As you sow, you will reap what you sow.嗎？
謝謝旋老師解惑
這種倒裝類似so do I的構造。so will you reap就是in the same way will you reap
刪除我問美國老外兩個句子何者正確，這是他的回覆:
回覆刪除"I might add that there are probably some EFL authors that would use the first, but as someone with English as my First Language, I prefer the second."
請問旋老師"but as someone with English as my First Language"
=>這裡的"as my First Language"和"English"是什麼關係?
Thanks!
一般字典對此詮釋是：as是介系詞，as my first language是介系詞片語，修飾English
刪除不好意思旋老師，上回提問的句子出現了錯誤，修改後麻煩老師再看一下
回覆刪除I saw a mountain the top of which was completely covered in snow.可以把the top移到關係子句內，寫成I saw a mountain of which the top was completely covered in snow.
I can lend you several books, five of which I can recommend.可以把five移到關係子句內，寫成I can lend you two books, of which I can recommend five.
前面兩者the top和five都可以移至子句內部，可是下面這種情況旋老師卻判斷the shoulders不能放入作為on的受詞，道理是什麼呢？
He is a man the shoulders of whom a heavy responsibility falls on.不能把the shoulders移到關係子句內，寫成He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders.
沒有固定的規則，但原則是要清楚。像He is a man the shoulders of whom a heavy responsibility falls on.這個句子，感覺已經有點勉強。若改為He is a man on the shoulders of whom a heavy responsibility falls.會比較清楚。若寫成He is a man of whom a heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders.，讀者不大看得出來of whom修飾的對象是誰（falls還是the shoulders），所以不適合這樣說。
刪除旋老師:
回覆刪除Five compressor blades were fractured and a vane being missing.
為何用being 而不用is? a vane being missing 還原是何種子句?
謝謝旋老師
句子不好，應刪去being。可還原為對等子句Five compressor blades were fractured and a vane was missing。
刪除She's as happy as can she be.
回覆刪除這句話後面的倒裝有沒有問題？涉及到語氣助動詞的比較句法也是按一般情況進行倒裝嗎？
the last but one/ the next but one這兩個片語是不是都有省略的成分？應該如何還原？
They had all but given up hope of rescure.句中的all but是不是有省略的成分？應該如何還原？
謝謝老師解惑
原句有問題。可以這樣說：...as happy as can be。
刪除一般字典會把這個but視同介系詞，等同except one詮釋。
all but語氣類似almost或virtually，已經成為一個片語，不需還原。
Some members advocate that we should effect a change of policy.
回覆刪除有書中指到這句話是錯的，因為advocate不能接that子句，只能接名詞或者動名詞，要改為，Some members advocate a change of policy.
可是牛津高階中就有advocate接that子句的例句，那本書的觀點是不是錯誤的？還是說它想指出例句的問題只是累贅？
Knowing Jon, he won't be home till three in the morning.
這裡的Knowing Jon應該如何理解？按照句意的話，應該是As we know jon, he won't be home till three in the morning.，Knowing Jon算不算Dangling modifier，因為主語不一致？
謝謝老師解惑
advocate加that子句應該可以接受。
刪除嚴格講起來是有dangling的問題。不過，情況和下面這句差不多：Considering his handicap, he has done very well.因為大量被人採用，這種句子已經算是可以接受的句子。
1. He leaves next week.
回覆刪除2. He will leave next week.
3. He is to leave next week.
4 .He is leaving next week.
5. He is going to leave next week.
6. He will be leaving next week.
請問旋老師這六句話有什麼含意差異?
意思都差不多。如果用到語氣助動詞will，屬於conditional語氣，感覺比較不確定。其次，如果用到不定詞片語to V，那是語氣助動詞的減化，也帶有一點不確定的意味。至於he leaves與he is leaving這兩個，採用的是indicative語氣，感覺是最確定的口吻
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除America's digital infrastructure is deeply vulnerable. As has become the norm with cyberattacks, the how became apparent long before the who or why. (Experts don't believe a nation-state sponsored the strike; a collective claimed responsibility.
1As has...why的中文意思是?
It's difficult to imagine Donald Trump making a list—or doing many of the things Clinton would if she becomes President.
2would是未來事實，意思是willing to do ?
But Mosul is special to ISIS—it was from the pulpit of the city's Great Mosque that its commander, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, made his first sermon after the group declared the founding of a worldwide caliphate, in a moment captured in a video released on July 5...
3in a moment 是指after the group declared the founding of a worldwide caliphate? 可是原文為何不直接寫 a moment，感覺多了個in是不是多餘的 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除下述這種情況，就網路攻擊來說已經成為常態：攻擊的方式早已明朗，但攻擊者是誰、攻擊動機為何，都還不清楚
2
未來的可能性
3
in a moment是介系詞片語、時間副詞，修飾動詞made, 並不是同位格
旋老師:
回覆刪除1. New sites for waste disposal will be determined having regard to environmental matters.
2. Commander should devise plans having regard to operational needs.
這兩句having 是不是還原都是副詞子句? 應該如何還原?
謝謝老師
兩個句子都不好，意思不清楚，又有錯誤，請不要理會它
刪除在坊間某書中看到一句話：
回覆刪除I wonder who it was that/who stole my money.
這個句子的形容詞子句前並沒有出現先行詞，把前面第一個who作為先行詞也可以嗎？句子為什麼能成立？是文法沒有問題的句子嗎？
如果Whale hunting will not be tolerated, warns he.是錯誤的句子，那是否意味着下面的第一句話不能倒裝成下面的第二句呢？如果可以倒裝的話，為什麼上面的句子是錯誤的句子呢？
1.He who is the chief administrator of a small but vociferous organization dedicated to environmental protection by any means possible, warns that whale hunting will not be tolerated.
2.Whale hunting will not be tolerated, warns he who is the chief administrator of a small but vociferous organization dedicated to environmental protection by any means possible, warns that whale hunting will not be tolerated.
感謝旋老師解答
1
刪除句子沒錯，如下：
直述句John stole my money.
分裂句It was John that stole my money.（that就是who，引導關係子句修飾先行詞John）
疑問句Who was it that stole my money?
名詞子句who it was that stole my money
2
改為這樣就行：Whale hunting will not be tolerated, warns the administrator. 倒裝句有一個用意是用句尾這個重要位置來交代主詞是誰，所以這個主詞不應該是代名詞（代名詞只是重複，份量不夠）。同樣的情況如：There goes the train. There it goes. 但是不能說There goes it.（誤）
75 bushels of wheat was/were delivered to my front door.
回覆刪除為什麼動詞既可以使用was也可以使用were呢？
We should not judge things by their appearance.
這句中things使用了複數型，但是後面的appearance卻沒用使用複數型，appearance是可數名詞，前後沒有達到「數的一致」，為什麼是正確的說法呢？
be+Ving表達未來時間是一些跟go有關的動詞才能表達，像come, leave等，可是下面的情況跟go沒有關係，為什麼可以用be+Ving表示未來時間，用於將來時呢？敢問其詳？
I am giving a lecture tomorrow.
My father is buying me a new bicycle next week.
謝謝老師！
1
刪除請參考上則提問
2
appearance在此的用法是抽象名詞
3
不必跟go有關，只要是「事先安排、可以確定」的事情都可以這樣說。因為，未來式的will帶有「不確定」語氣。如果未來才要發生的事情，因為事先排定而完全可以確定，就可以排除will，用現在式或現在進行式來取代
旋老師好，想向您請教幾個問題：
回覆刪除Forty acres are ready for John to plow.
Those three minutes were the worst I ever spent.
The first years are the hardest.
年和分鐘都是時間單位，理應使用單數動詞，可是這裡都使用了複數，有文法書規定有所指的數量名詞使用複數動詞，老師能不能用上面的句子作為例子講解一下其中的道理？
Cloth is made of/from cotton/skill/wool.
為什麼這裡既可以使用of，也可以使用from？在意義上不是矛盾嗎？
1
刪除主詞若是度量衡單位時，動詞用單數或複數都可以。例如：forty acres is表示「這麼大一塊土地」，forty acres are表示「40個acres」
2
made of感覺比較直接：「是用什麼做的」。made from感覺比較間接：「是從什麼轉變過來的」。有時候是取決於講話的人：你認為是比較直接還是比較間接。當然，也有時候是有定論的，例如wine is made from grapes, 就不能用made of（因為其間發生了重大的轉變）
A no sooner than B，AB究竟是哪一個先發生？
回覆刪除⇒No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.她剛一說完，淚水便奪眶而出。
1.按文法來說，She had said it no/not sooner than she burst into tears.是不是都是對的表述呢？
2.既然是no sooner than，前面絕不比後面那個快(no sooner)，那就是說前面那個比後面那個要晚發生，那為什麼主句(She had said it)採用過去完成式(過去的過去)，按邏輯來說不應該是後面採用過去完成式嗎，說成she had burst into tears嗎？請問老師，我是哪裡想錯了呢？
3.既然她是說完之後才流淚的，那為什麼是no sooner than？而且no表示「絕不」，按邏輯來看sooner than不是更合理嗎？
I had left sooner than she did. 我比她快。
刪除I had left much sooner than she did. 我比她快得多。
I had left no sooner than she did. 我比她快不了多少。
在Guide to Patterns and Usage in English中看到了這兩個例句
回覆刪除1.I don't know who to ask for help.
2.I don't know whom to ask for help.
兩者應該如何還原？第一句是解釋成I don't know who should ask for help.嗎，不過感覺後面的who should ask for help很奇怪
直述句是I should ask him for help. 疑問句是Whom should I ask for help? 名詞子句是 whom I should ask for help，所以正確的說法是I don't know whom I should ask for help. 可減化為I don't know whom to ask for help. 但是，一般人沒有那麼仔細，在該用受格whom的地方採用主格who也都是可以接受的。只有一種情況：直接跟在介系詞後面，如to whom, with whom, in whom等等，就必須交代是受格
刪除We think of our classroom as a real organization with problems of leadership, social pressure, interpersonal friction, etc. which parallel those in companies and elsewhere.
回覆刪除這句的etc應該在句中位置，可是前後的標點卻是, etc.而不是, etc,是不是原句的標點符號有問題呢？
雖然在正式場合下不能使用縮寫，etc.在句中、句末的標點符號應該怎麼規範？句中是etc,還是etc.還是etc.,？句末應該是etc.還是etc..？
還是先還原成et cetera再進行判斷符號的使用？有無美式和英式的處理差別？
謝謝旋老師
應該是...friction, etc., which...。縮寫點和逗點可以並存，但縮寫點和句點只能留一個，例如句末只能是etc.
刪除The number of students who have a part-time job has increased, as can be seen in the table.是否可以改寫為下面這一句？把be給省略
回覆刪除The number of students who have a part-time job has increased, as seen in the table.
或者把副詞子句減化，改寫為下面這一句？
The number of students who have a part-time job has increased, to be seen in the table.
若不能改寫的話又是為何？麻煩旋老師點明
謝謝旋老師
1
刪除可以
2
若改為to be，感覺像是「table尚未製作完成，將來可以看到」，因為它帶有be going to的暗示
牛津字典中說不能講I don't know why to do it.，可是I don't know why I should do it.不是講的通嗎，我不知道為什麼我要做這件事，減化後就是I don't know why to do it.，那為什麼講不通呢？但卻能說I don't know when to do it.
回覆刪除All/Both of them are not happy.
都可以被解釋成「部分否定」或者「全部否定」嗎？都有兩種不同但正確的解釋？
Thank you for your elaboration.
1
刪除不知為何，但確實沒有人說I don't know why to do it，聽起來不自然
2
都有兩種解釋，所以最好換個說法
旋老師您好，
回覆刪除We should eat to live, not live to eat.
這句話內部是不是缺少了連接詞but？
How long would she stay here, did you suppose?
How long would she stay here, you supposed?
How long did you suppose she would stay here?
請教旋老師上面三句的正誤？後面兩句是否表示同一個意思？第三句中的did you suppose是插入語嗎，還是主句部分？
Thank you for your elaboration.
1
刪除可以省略
2
三句都可以，意思相同。第三句的did you suppose應該是主要子句
老師您好
回覆刪除Countries that have agreed to accept middling levels of refugees have done so slowly, and often to fierce resistance by populist politicians
1to fierce resistance有省略什麼字嗎? to fierce resistance 的to在此是什麼意思 ?
The idea of etching your emotional pain into your body was not a big step from the body as a canvas as an idea.
2as an idea是 the body as an idea ?
3not a big step from = not so different from ?
4the body前是省略the idea of the body...? 如果省略有比較好嗎 ?
5far more nuanced= very different ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除對等子句省略and (they have done so) often to fierce resistance...「而且他們這樣做的時候，往往面對強烈的抵抗…」
2
是the body as a canvas這個idea：同樣都是比喻
3
是
4
因為後面有as an idea，所以前面不必重複
5
「比較細膩得多」
If you would take a seat for a moment, I'll see if Mr Turner is in.
回覆刪除麻煩旋老師分析一下這句的語氣助動詞would的用法
第一句的would看起來不像是語氣助動詞的一般用法，但卻用了過去式？
I should be grateful if you would reply urgently.
1.這裡是should表示什麼意思呢？
2.would為什麼採用過去式？後面的意思是「如果你能儘快回復的話」，表示能夠，不是應該用can/could嗎，為什麼這裡採用了would，這裡的would表示什麼意思呢？
謝謝旋老師解答！
would在此是語氣助動詞的一般用法，意思是「如果你願意、如果你可以…」
刪除1
should就是「會」或者「應該會」
2
would是「願意」，語氣比較客氣
為什麼在沒有特別指代時，四季前有的加the，有的又不加the呢？
回覆刪除例如：
It is a pretty sight to see these orchards in the spring.
In the summer I often leave home early in the morning, and roam about fields and lanes all days.
In summer the heat of the sun is tempered by the fresh keen air of the mountain.
on earth和on the earth兩種用例都有，前者earth並沒有大寫成Earth，但任然成立，為什麼the省略了之後還能夠成立呢？
然而on the moon, in the world 的the卻無法省略the？這是什麼道理呢？
謝謝旋老師解答！
這只是使用習慣，沒有特別的道理
刪除I'm sorry to have seen so little of you.
回覆刪除1.這句話應該怎麼還原不定式呢？
2.so little如果是名詞片語的話，中心的名詞是什麼？是不是被省略了？
1
刪除I am sorry (about the fact) that I should have seen so little of you.
2
so little是副詞片語，修飾have seen
老師您好
回覆刪除(提要: FBI director James Comey alterted Congress that new mails had been found and that they could be relevant to the Clinton investigation)
If it leaked after the election that Comey did not inform Congress of new evidence that might have been damaged Clinton, his credibility and that of the election results might have been called into doubt.
１Leaked, did not inform是現在非事實 ; might have been damaged 是猜測過去至今; might have been called是過去非事實 ?
A few of the prisoners profiled on his website have received clemency. But the names of others whose stories mirror his he recites from memory: Michael Holmes, Altonio Douglas and Eva Atencio.
２But the names...= But the names of others, having not received clemency, whose stories.... ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除句子有錯，might have been damaged應該是might have damaged。語氣方面你的分析正確
2
是
The cases of tourists *having* items stolen by pinchers is on the rise so the local government is increasing the police presence in tourist locations.
回覆刪除游客物品被小偷盗窃的现象不断增多，所以地方政府正在增加旅游景点的警力。
請問旋老師:這裡的having什麼意思?另外可否請旋老師幫我還原這部分成簡單句，感謝您。
作者已經移除這則留言。
刪除問題已解決了:
刪除這是一個have something done的句型(have是使役動詞;不是"有")
→have items stolen
→表示某人發生了不好的事情(東西讓人給偷了)
另外:
"The cases of tourists’ items being stolen by pinchers are on the rise...”也可以
這些都有和老外交流過了。
老師您好
回覆刪除Gottheimer, a former Clinton White House speechwriter, has raised more than the GOP incumbent. Some of Garrett's contributors (Garrett is the GOP member) cut off funding amid reports that he made anti-gay remarks.
1 has raised more than the GOP incumbent的意思是 ?
If you give up trying to know what you cannot know, perhaps, to paraphrase Shakespeare,perhaps that is when bad begins, but, on the other hand, worst remains behind.
2to paraphrase Shakespeare=if we could paraphrase Shakespeare ? that is
...behind.這句是改寫 Shakespeare的話 ，因為有paraphrase 這個字?
謝謝老師
1
刪除籌得的款項超過共和黨現任者所籌得
2
是/應該是that is when bad begins這句改寫自Shakespeare，在but後面則是作者自己加的
It's more of something.
回覆刪除1more of的意思是
Donald Trump has triumphed after a historic campaign, to face a historic challenge.
2to face是in order to face... ? 可是感覺不太像 ?
Missouri became the eighth to require photo ID, double the number that did so in 2012.
3double...是其他在2012通過法令的州的得票數是Missouri的一半 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除例如It's more of the same.，意思就是「還是一樣、老套」。字面上是「同樣的東西又來了」
2
so that he must face...，表示結果
3
應該是2012年有四個州要求photo ID，現在加上Missouri就有八個州，是原數的一倍
If that's the way you feel, so be it.
回覆刪除這句話後面的so be it應該怎麼還原成一般的句子？
There is no children.
There are no children.
是不是後者才是正確的表述？
There is someone running in the street.
是不是應該還原成：Someone who is running in the street is there.
還是應該還原成：Someone is there running in the street.
按照旋老師的邏輯，哪一種才是正解？感覺兩種解釋都好像很合理的樣子，麻煩老師解惑
謝謝旋老師！
1
刪除這是祈使句Let it be so的倒裝
2
應該是後者
3
主要子句是There(C) is(V) someone(S)，後面的running in the street是關係子句who is running in the street的減化
老師您好
回覆刪除The task of the Trump campaign was to tap this seething populist distrust of the nation's elites, and they had no better foil than Clinton.
they had...than Clinton.意思是 : 那些 elites跟 Clinton根本是如出一轍 (沒什麼不同)?
謝謝老師
foil在此的意思是「對比、陪襯」，也就是以Clinton代表elites來當作對手
刪除"It's the insistence on people being "right" that's at the root of rage and intolerance, for we are never more furious than when we believe we *had signed up* to perfection. "
回覆刪除請問旋老師:
1. sign up這裡的意思是?
2. had signed up-->為什麼用過去完成式?
來源:影片的1:51秒( https://tw.voicetube.com/videos/26997 )
1
刪除加入、投入，以…為目標
2
表示「老早就已經…」
旋
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除On election night, when an advisor turned to congratulate him with the title he was soon to earn, Mr. President, Trump stopped him. “Not yet,” he said. He can only say that for so much longer
1He can only say that for so much longer背後的意思是:他說 Not yet的機會並不多了，因為他快當選了 ?
Katherine Johnson was always running. She ran, several times a day. The half mile from her desk at NASA to the colored ladies' restroom on the other side of the Research Center, toting binders full of calculations so as not to lose precious time that—this being the height of the space race—the Soviets no doubt were using well.
2this being的this是指precious time 嗎 ? 那being可以省略嗎 ?
3 was always running跟always run 意思是相同的?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
還原為because this was the height of the space race，主詞this指的是「這個時代」，being留下比較清楚
3
強調「不停」
旋
老師您好
回覆刪除'Mayday!' came the frantic call from inside a helicopter...
1'Mayday!' came the frantic call的意思是? 有無倒裝 ?
His daring helped save fellow Americans, but by the time U.S. troops could make it to the wreckage, he was gone.
2he was gone可以改成he had been gone嗎 ? 如果可以改的話，he had been gone表示:早就已經死了; 而he was gone則單純表示他死了這個事實 ?
I wish I could say that Hillary Clinton had similar moments of courage, moments when she defied her party's entrenched base, but she didn't .
3defied是現在非事實，而 didn't為過去事實 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除Mayday來自法文，字面翻譯是Help me!，也就是「救命！」。這是倒裝句，還原為The frantic call "Mayday!" came from inside a helicopter.
2
因為gone本身就有完成的暗示，所以不必再用完成式。除非像這種情況：By the time..., he had been gone for two hours.
3
前面有I wish I could say that...引導，表示後面都是「非事實」，直到but之後才回到事實
旋
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除…...The country's central bank said hackers had managed to pilfer 2 billion rubles, about $31 million, this year. No one has said publicly who they were or why they did so. Where does that leave the rest of us? Grappling with an acutely modern form of disquiet—the suspicion that the information we have become used to creating in mass quantities, almost constantly, may come to light, out of context and as destructive payload.
1the suspicion是belief ?
2the information...payload. 背後的意思是 ?
But as Trump takes power and France ponders whether to put an icon of the far right in the Elysee Palace, the West seems to belong to the populists. Only the brave would bet against them after the year they've had.
3Only the brave...had意思是 :在全新的一年，那些勇敢的人不看好民粹?
...Trumps methods tend to be closer to the opposite. And this is now Trump's America to run, a vicotory made possible either because of historical inevitability or individual brilliance, or some combination of the two.
4a vicotory...=because there is a victory .. ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除類似belief，「懷疑，猜測」
2
「我們經常在大量創造的資訊（例如在Facebook上）可能會曝光，而且是斷章取義、拿來攻擊我們」
3
「他們這一年來無往不利，所以只有很勇敢的人才敢賭他們會輸」
4
是主要子句this is now Trump's America to run整句話的同位格，亦即which is a victory...
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除I love it such that I use it as my name.
回覆刪除He opened the window such that the moon shone on the paper.
為什麼上述表述使用的是such that而不是so that呢？
這是比較不正式的用法，應該用so較好
刪除Hollow urban shells were apparently home to more cranes than humans.[摘自衛報]
回覆刪除這裡的home to more cranes than humans是什麼意思呢？不應該說成Hollow urban shells were apparently more cranes than home to humans.嗎？是不是原句的錯誤？
謝謝旋老師解答！
Hollow urban shells were home to many cranes.
刪除Hollow urban shells were home to many humans.
兩句在many這個比較點上進行比較，採取「大於」（more...than）
This catholic church has been here from before the middle of the 19th century.
回覆刪除這句中介系詞from為何能接before the middle of the 19th century.呢，後面這個成分並不是名詞，應該如何解讀？
It was a scheme as bold and eccentric as any to emerge from China's 21st-century sprint towards urbanisation.
1.這句話的as bold and eccentric as any應該如何還原呢？說成a bold and eccentric scheme as any或者a scheme as any bold and eccentric scheme行嗎？從文法上應該如何理解？
2.這句中的to do表示什麼含義？是in order to嗎？
謝謝旋老師解答！
1
刪除from (the time) before... 的省略
2
It was a scheme that was bold and eccentric.
Any scheme that would emerge from... was bold and eccentric.
這兩句話在bold and eccentric這個比較點上進行比較，採取「等於」（as...as）
老師你好:
回覆刪除請教老師幾題文法問題
1. Anyone who has ever pulled weeds from a garden ........ roots firmly anchor plants to the soil. (A)is well aware of (B)is well aware that (C)well aware (D)well aware that
請問老師這題答案給C 為什麼不是 B
答案應該是B
刪除Then at the turn of the 19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that language was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible gained some currency, and with it that, if attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible.
回覆刪除1. 這句的with it that是什麼意思，that是連接詞嗎，如果後面是同位語的話，那and後面的主句空缺，對等連接詞連接的對等成分是什麼？
2. 句中view和translation之間要加上that，可是同位語子句的連接詞不是可以省略嗎，為什麼這裡不加就是錯的呢？還是加不加都可以，只是為了表達清楚加上that合適？
3. at all不用於否定句時應該怎麼解讀，麻煩旋老師用句中的if attempted at all講解一下
謝謝老師
1
刪除還原為 ...and with it, the view that, if attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible, gained some currency. 這是在對等連接詞and後面把和前面重複的部分省略掉的結果
2
因為在and後面的對等位置有that，所以前面也要有that才符合平行對稱的要求
3
暗示it shouldn't be attempted，就可以說it attempted at all
Journalists should have to produce proof of identity.
回覆刪除No one should have to suffer such degrading treatment.
1. should have to和should和have to之間有什麼區別呢？
2. have to本身也是語氣助動詞，而且have to與must接近，為何前面還要接一個should？
謝謝老師解答
have to的用法與功能相當於語氣助動詞，但是have本身是動詞，前面可以再加助動詞
刪除Low levels of straying are crucial, since the process provides a source of novel genes and a mechanism by which a location can be repopulated should the fish there disappear.
回覆刪除請問老師，為什麼if the fish there should disappear可以改成should the fish there disappear.？這個帶有假設語氣的句子是在句尾部分，而不是在句首，為什麼也能這樣倒裝？
一般情況下，當虛擬條件句置於句尾時，像It would be a disaster for us all, if this enterprise were to fail.能不能倒裝成It would be a disaster for us all were this enterprise to fail.？
在句尾一樣也能倒裝
刪除Many business owners talk about leaving – falling trade is the primary reason, tensions of one sort or another the second.
回覆刪除1 其中的one sort or another the second是什麼意思？
2 another the second，another和the同為中位限定詞，旋老師提過中位限定詞之間相互排斥，那這裡的another the second應該怎麼去理解？
謝謝旋老師
是tensions of one sort of another are the second reason的省略
刪除請教旋老師：
回覆刪除I explained the whole document to him, that is to say, I went through it word for word with him.
He never went, that is to say, it is not recorded that he did.
that is to say是副詞子句的引導詞嗎？一般的情況常是作為副詞充當插入語，可上面的情況都沒有加conj，應該如何理解that is to say充當的成分？
that is to say是否既充當一般的副詞，又可以作為副詞子句的引導詞？
that is to say的用法和in other words一樣，當副詞使用。上面兩例是直接把它當作連接詞使用，這也是可以接受的用法
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除She's the woman who was almost President, she is what might have been and what will yet be.
what might have been是過去非事實？而 what will yet be意思是有可能將來成為總統 ? yet＝even at this stage or time ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
是（但不限於當總統）
3
是（=still）
老師您好
回覆刪除There is no God in Caloocan City, not tonight. The lights have gone out in the windows of the church in this Manila slum... A hand-painted announcement hangs on the wall of a shop:STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS! GET INTO SPORTS! Up the muddy lane, police officers climb a flight of stairs to a narrow corridor where there is a fresh body—one of at least five people summarily executed in Manila on this night...
這是一篇有關於the toll of President Rodrigo Duterte's bloody campaign aganist illega drugs and those who use them的文章。There is no God in Caloocan City, not tonight是在暗示這個國家已經沒有法律可言了嗎，因為連神都沒辦法主持正義了 ?
Global leaders promised to address the growing issue of drug resistance—meaning bacteria that can no longer be treated with antibiotics during a meeting..
meaning...如果改成meaning that bacteria can no longer be treated with antibiotics會不會比較好。因為按照原句的寫法，drug resistance等於bacteria ;若修改句子，則drug resistance等於that bacteria can no … ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除也暗示「沒有天理、沒有慈悲…」
2
你的寫法也有道理，但在bacteria前面得加個some字比較周延
"The economy is expected to be revised upwards, but as sometimes happens, little of such economic growth as there is finds its way to the poor. "
回覆刪除-->這句話沒有語境，是一本練習冊的句子，請問旋老師"as there is"怎麼理解?
謝謝!
as there is是副詞子句，修飾such，有省略，可還原為as there is economic growth，意思是「如現有的」
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除The most talked-about reality TV today merges both forms, reclaiming the sense that anything can happen at any time and peppering in a Hollywood packager’s gift for casting, editing and foreshadowing.
peppering in要改成peppering with ?
…places we don’t usually see in movies unless the filmmaker is trying to make a statement about “urban” life, with all the divisions those quotation marks imply.
with all the divisions those quotation marks imply. 的意思是這些地方一點也不urban ? 那divisions=the opposite ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除不用，pepper in字面上是「像灑楜椒一樣灑下去」，暗示「加上、加進去」，加的東西就是a Hollywood packager's gift
2
只有這樣，意思不清楚。我查了一下，原文是all the color-line divisions，意思才清楚。"urban" life是「『所謂』都市生活」，暗示「一般人刻板印象中的都市生活」。那個印象就是「downdown區多為黑人、郊區多為白人」。這種「由膚色劃分人種」的情況就是color-line divisions
老師您好
回覆刪除British Prime Minister has fallen in line with Trump's worldview on Israel. That worldview could not be more different from that of the outgoing Obama Administration, whose pro-Israeli position could be summed up with the old adage “Friends don't let friends drive drunk”--that is, build settlements that destroy a two-state solution
1Friends don't let friends drive drunk指不會讓朋友作危險的事，但 build settlements...是破壞和平的事，怎麼會跟Friends ...劃上等號 ? 而且同一篇文章又提到the passage of U.N. Resolution 2334 which affirmed that Israel's settlements in occupied territories have no legal validity..
Trump's words will have consequences. As another Inauguration Day faded from Washington with the light draining from the clouded West—and Trump's hurry-up day falling further and further behind schedule—the world began preparing for their arrival.
2As another ...West是暗示不看好Trump?那句子又有個 another，是不是暗示之前的總統們其實做得也不怎麼樣 ?
3...falling further為何不改成fell behind，這樣前後句子才對稱 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除build settlements是跟drive drunk劃上等號。亦即：以色列執意要build settlements，這會破壞和平（two-state solution），美國要是真朋友就不能讓他一意孤行、酒後駕車（也就是不能讓以色列去build settlements）
2
每一天結束，都是西邊的晚霞逐漸暗淡，所以the light draining from the clouded West不一定表示不看好Trump，也並不暗示每一屆的inauguration都不好。
3
對稱關係是：...with (A)the light (a)draining from the clouded West and (B)Trump's hurry-up day (b)falling further...，其中A與B對稱、a與b對稱，然後整個with介系詞片語修飾動詞faded。後面的Trump's hurry-up day falling further and further behind schedule是說川普這個急沖沖、拚命趕的大日子，一整天的節目都趕不上時間表，而且越拖越嚴重
老師您好
回覆刪除Put Chuck Schumer and Donald Trump in a room together and you can’t miss the connection. They are the leaders of rival parties, sharp opponents on Twitter and in the press, but they live by the same words, as big and bold as the city that made them. “Beautiful!” they will say, though at different times and about different things. “Wonderful!” “Horrible!” “So, so great!”…… Still, for all the phone conversations, the warnings and the remonstrations between the two New York potentates, Schumer sees the shock and awe of Trump’s first weeks in office as a bad sign. He is waiting for Trump to move to the middle but is increasingly skeptical that the President will ever get there. “You never know if he’s really paying attention,” says Schumer of Trump. It could have been “wonderful,” “beautiful” and “great.”
It could have been “wonderful,” “beautiful” and “great.”是說，如果Trump真的move to the middle，那真的就太好了 ?
謝謝老師
有這種暗示，但是原文不是很清楚
刪除旋老師:
回覆刪除The government was working on a plan to implement a new workday schedule ending at 6pm as opposed to 8pm.
opposed 的還原是哪個子句?
謝謝老師
副詞子句as it is opposed to...。有些文法書會說這個as是「準關係代名詞」
刪除旋
老師您好
回覆刪除Harden(a basketball player) knows what his squad is up against. But he doesn’t lack for confidence. When asked if he’s the best player in the world right now, he doesn’t hedge. “For sure,” he says. “I feel like I’m solid in everything: IQ, studying the game, I can score the basketball, make my teammates better. There are not a lot of guys that have all those characteristics in one. They might be way more athletic, can shoot the ball way better. But everything solid in one human body?”
Good luck stopping that.
1Good luck stopping that背後的意思是 ?
More than the politics around global warming has changed since the first film. Technology allowed the producers to capture images unthinkable even a decade ago, including one unforgettable shot of hundreds of thousands of penguins camped out together, in an image stretching to the horizon.
2More than可以解釋為除了the politics around global warming has…這一件事外，尚有Technology allowed…這一件事 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除字面上是I wish you good luck while you're stopping that.暗示是You can't stop that.也就是「此人是誰也擋不住的」
2
是
旋老師您好：
回覆刪除Without defined property rights or a community invested in their upkeep, the interests of individual actors in exploiting such areas win out over the collective interest in husbanding them.
其中＂a community invested in their upkeep＂是否為＂a community that is invested in their upkeep＂的簡化，如果是，其文義為何(被投資保護的社區?)，如果改成主動型態 (a community investing in their upkeep)(會投資保護的社區，感覺比較好理解)是否一樣正確呢?
謝謝
1。是
刪除2。若用主動態，是這一句：a community that invests itself in their upkeep「一個將自己投入在維護他們的社區」。情況和dress, seat等動詞一樣，經常採用被動態是因為主詞和動詞相同（例如：He is dressed in blue. He dressed himself in blue.）
老師好:
回覆刪除Some people eat mostly fast food. One study shows that many fast-food eaters have a lot in common with _________, but they are very different from vegetarian. 答案:one another，為什麼呢?請問可否用each other? 有甚麼差異呢? 謝謝老師。
一般的用法是：兩者之間用each other，三者以上用one another，這是文法書上的規則。但是實際在使用上並沒有那麼嚴格的區分。三者以上用each other也不算錯
刪除旋
老師您好
回覆刪除Business and the pink dollar have to lead the way. Last summer, 10 same-sex couples won a free wedding ceremony and honeymoon in California courtesy of Taobao, the online shopping platform run by Alibaba, which obviously felt comfortable enough to run the competition despite same-sex marriage being illegal in China. In January a trans¬gender man won a landmark court case for unfair dismissal against his employer. Says Ma, “Once my generation is grown up, everything should be way easier.”
That is also when the real dividends of China’s pink economy will be reaped. As Liu points out, today’s gay Chinese with real spending power—ages 30 to 50—are typically in closeted heterosexual relationships. But some young ¬Chinese are able to come out in their teens or 20s to a somewhat more accepting society, and the beginnings of a social apparatus to help them thrive in their own skin. This generation has not yet reached its peak economic potential. “Right now, China’s pink economy is still in a nurturing stage,” says Liu. “But in five, 10 years, you’ll see it really blossoming.” Call it China’s LGBT Spring.
1 第二段That is also when the real….的That is是Once my generation is grown up?
2第二段…when the real dividends of China’s pink economy will…. 為什麼when 可以跟will連用?
3第二段today’s gay Chinese … in closeted heterosexual relationships.既然是gay的話，為什麼又有所謂的closeted heterosexual relationships?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
這個when子句不是副詞子句（文法規則是說「副詞子句中用現在式代替未來式）。句子可以還原為that is also the time when...，裏面的when子句是形容詞子句（關係子句），修飾先行詞the time，而the time和主詞that相同，被省略掉了。
3
today's gay Chinese「今日的中國同性戀人士」，因為還不敢出櫃（come out of the closed公開露面），所以還是暗中的（closeted在櫃內），外表要用heterosexual relationships（異性關係）來遮掩
旋
老師您好
回覆刪除But it’s worth noting that this isn’t a normal year. Trump, voicing the id of a populist base, has already made confetti of long-held Republican orthodoxy, embraced incendiary rhetoric and promised policies that have traditional business-side Republicans running for the hills. The idea that he could be the first President in over three decades to embrace a revolutionary policy with big risks and big rewards is not out of the question. “There have been a lot of dark times over the years,” Nunes says, describing his battle to get the Republican caucus to seriously consider the BAT. “I’d say we’re closer now than ever.”
1I’d say we’re closer now than ever.是I’d say we’re closer now than ever to get the Republican caucus to seriously consider the BAT. ?
2 made confetti of long-held Republican orthodoxy,的意思是 ?
3promised policies that have traditional business-side Republicans running for the hills指這些黨員不再支持Trump的政策，跟他劃清界限 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除closer to the BAT than ever，表示BAT成功的機會比以往都大
2
confetti是遊行時扔的碎紙。句子的字面意思是「把共和黨長久以來遵守的正統觀念撕成碎紙」，也就是「完全破壞」這些觀念
3
這些黨員四處奔逃、避難
旋
老師您好：
回覆刪除請問以下兩個句子的句型結構是怎麼構成的。
1.A suspected terrorist was shot dead by soldiers.
如果A suspect terrorist wat shot 看成是 S + V + C的形式，dead應該充當什麽成份呢？
2.This is considered as a terrorist attack.
句子如果看成是S + V + C句型，那麼as a terrorist attack充當什麽成份呢？
我對此類型的句子句型比較模糊，請老師解答一下，謝謝老師~
分別還原為主動態：
刪除1
Soldiers(S) shot(V) a suspected terrorist(O) dead(C).
改為被動態之後，一般文法書的句型分析如下：
A suspected terrorist(S) was shot(V) dead(C).
2
People(S) consider(V) this(O) as a terrorist attack.
句中的as a terrorist attack是介系詞片語，修飾consider。改為被動態，一般文法書是這樣斷句的：
This(S) is considered(V) as a terrorist attack.
旋
老師您好：
回覆刪除這是英文教學雜誌裡的一個例句：This beautiful seashell must have washed up onto the shore after last night's storm. 我疑惑是不是應該要改成被動式才對呢？(... must have been washed up ...)，或是原句才是正確的。
原句沒錯。主動比被動簡潔。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除While South Korea and Japan are protected by their alliances with the U.S. and its nuclear umbrella, how long would that situation hold?... Would proliferation stop with South Korea and Japan? How about Taiwan ? The Non-Proliferation Treaty would be reduced to tatters ….
1 Would proliferation…Taiwan ?是在暗示South Korea ，Japan， Taiwan都有核武嗎?
She is so darling, you just want to scoop her up. And sure enough, someone does.
2 someone does.= someone scoops her up ?
That accident showed the U.S. grid for what it was: an antiquated piece of 20th century technology struggling to power the 21st century. Most utilities didn’t know their customers had lost power until they picked up the phone and heard from irate customers. Regulations on utility reliability amounted to little more than industry peer pressure. The grid, in a word, was dumb.
3 Regulations on …was dumb.是在暗示什麼
His actions remind me of nothing so much as Mao’s Cultural Revolution.
4 nothing so much as=nothing more than , 也就是只讓人想到文革 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除暗示南韓與日本有核武。台灣則是未知數。
2
是
3
暗示政府未能有效管制這個產業，而產業本身的科技也落伍了
4
「最令我想起…」。字面上是「別的都不如這個」
老師好
回覆刪除And if they forgot something important─such as whether or not a plant was safe to eat or how to treat an illness─it could have had serious consequences. 條件子句採與現在事實相反假設語氣，依邏輯，主要子句應採與現在事實相反假設語氣即可it could have serious consequences，為何此句要採與過去事實相反假設的語氣呢?邏輯為何?
could have had是「猜測過去」，不是假設語氣
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Prohibition was just a bad rumor in the city’s nightclubs, which pulsed with jazz and sex. A young ambulance driver home from France, Walt Disney, was surely in that crowd.
1Prohibition was just a bad rumor的意思是?
2in that crowd. 改成in these crowds會不會比較好?因為原文的that指city’s nightclubs
The reality, however, is far more complicated. Undoing Obama’s climate regulations is more like plugging a burst dam than reversing the water’s flow. Without the Clean Power Plan, the EIA expects natural gas and renewable power to account for a combined 57% of the nation’s electricity by 2040. With the plan, those sources were projected to reach 65%. “It’s nonsense. Coal is not coming back,” says Mark Barteau, director of the University of Michigan Energy Institute. “It’s going to continue to lose to cheap natural gas.”
3Undoing Obama’s…flow是暗示治標不治本，因為不管with or without plan, coal增減的幅度都不大?
謝謝老師
1
刪除Prohibition是禁酒令。那句話暗示「天高皇帝遠」，所謂的禁酒令只是「聽說」，管不到這些夜總會。
2
原文用單數，意思是「那種人」。
3
暗示「無力回天」。乾淨能源是大趨勢，有如水壩崩塌，無人能夠抵擋。川普政府想要推翻歐巴馬的乾淨能源政策，有如在水壩上塞幾個洞，於事無補
老師您好
回覆刪除Under her leadership, iCivics has grown into America's largest civic-learning provider; more than 5 million students played its games this past school year. Today there could not be more pressing work. As Sandra has famously noted, "The practice of democracy is not transferred through the gene pool. It must be taught and learned anew by each generation of citizens."
1there could not be more pressing work是說沒有比 The practice of democracy... citizens更pressing的事 ?
When LeBron James, my hometown of Akron’s most famous son, takes flight to dunk, even I, a poet usually averse to battered clichés, am tempted to call it poetry in motion—if we agree that poetry can be stormy as well as smooth, thrillingly true yet downright mean as it lures you one way, pivots and drives its point home.
2不了解這一段所要傳達的意思是 ?
謝謝老師
This casue has not been more embraced.
3has not been more embraced.是接受度不高的意思 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除意思是「civic-learning是最迫切的事」
2
把LeBron James飛灌籃的動作比為詩歌，但是這首詩不只有平順還有暴力、不只有真理還有凶惡。最後as it lures you...這個部分，字面上是說他做假動作、轉身、灌籃得分，比喻的是如同詩歌帶領讀者通過曲折的詩句、成功傳達主旨
3
應該是
老師好
回覆刪除以下是某大學教材中的兩則句子:
A big obstacle to full participation is accessibility. Accessibility affects people with physical disabilities by creating a barrier where other more able-bodied people can easily pass.
我的翻譯為: 身體障礙人士全面參與社會活動的關鍵，在於是否有無障礙設施的設立。是否有無障礙設施對於他們有極大的影響，因常見一些對於正常人能夠輕易通過的設施，對他們卻是一種障礙。
依此邏輯，覺得這兩個句子有點怪。第一個句子的主詞是負面元素，可是主詞補語怎麼會是正面元素。我可能改寫成: A big obstacle to full participation is whether there is physically accessible environment.
至於第二則句子，不知使用by，道理何在?覺得改成because of較佳。
請問老師的看法，感恩!
1
刪除accessibility可以是high，也可以是low，所以這個字本身並不是明確的正面元素，原句這種講法是可以接受的
2
本句用by的意思是by means of，也就是「以某種方式」，修飾affects，也可以說得通
旋
旋老師:
回覆刪除I came seeking your advice.
seeking 是副詞子句while I sought 的簡化嗎?
謝謝老師
正確
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除The intersection of the two thoughts–a fondness for Jackson and a belief, first expressed in TIME last summer, that the war Shelby Foote once called “the cross-roads of our being” could have been resolved by the right dealmaker–is not surprising
１“the cross-roads of our being的意思是？，而being在這的意思又是 ?
When I was 16, I worked in the nursing home a few miles from my house. It sat without irony right next to a funeral parlor. There was just a driveway between the two buildings, and the funeral director used to send leftover flower arrangements that we’d dismantle and put in vases so they weren’t quite so recognizable. There was, as you can imagine, some traffic going the other way too.
2some traffic going the other way too是在暗示什麼 ?
As play by Kurt Russell, Ego is the movie’s one pleasure.
3As play by Kurt Russell的中文意思是
謝謝老師
1
刪除being意思是「存在、生存」，our being可以解釋為「我們一生中」。the crossroads of our being意思是「我們一生中所經過的許許多多十字路口」，暗示「抉擇的關口」
2
前面是說「花朵由殯儀館流向養老院」，而some traffic gooing the other way too意思是「反方向的流動也有」，暗示「死者由養老院流向殯儀館」
3
看起來是played之誤：「由Kurt Russell飾演」
老師好
回覆刪除Is your personality the result of the family you were born into and of all the experiences you had growing up?
關於of all the experiences you had growing up此介系詞片語，覺得寫成of all the experience of growing up you had，較能理解，不知of all the experiences you had growing up的文法邏輯? 請老師解惑，感恩!
有省略，可還原為：(the result) of all the experiences (that) you had (while you were) growing up
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Dealing with the forces that drive populism is no easier than dealing with the forces that drive climate change, and they are all too easy for political leaders to avoid. But ignoring either trend will produce an overheated world and rising tides. That’s why, no matter what headlines you may read this spring about the triumph of globalists over nationalists, the truth is that we’re all in this together.
1 we’re all in this together.的意思是 ? this 在這指的是 ?
Why didn’t Anna Jarvis stick to the theme of educating mothers? Perhaps because she was not one herself…
2she was not one herself, 的意思是 ?
As for the President, White House officials insisted that he was amazed by the hostile reaction to the firing. Where have Americans heard that before? Shocked by the protests against his travel ban, surprised by the complexity of health care, wowed by the nuances of Asian geopolitics. There’s no end to the discoveries a person can make when he pursues a high office without bothering to learn what it entails. Everyone seemed to like it when Trump barked, “You’re fired!” once a week on The Apprentice. So what happened?
3So what happened?背後的意思是 ?
As played by Kurt Russell, Ego is the movie’s one pleasure. 及Played by Kurt Russell, Ego 4is the movie’s one pleasure. 在語意上有差別嗎 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除意思是「我們都在同一條船上」。this指的是「這種情況、這件事情」
2
She was not a mother herself. 句中的one是a mother的省略
3
So what happened to change people's minds? 之前他在電視節目中fire別人，觀眾看得非常高興。那麼到底出了什麼事，造成現在他fire掉FBI局長，全民卻是交相遣責？
4
差不多
老師好
回覆刪除First, when choosing the best people for government, management, or any other field, it makes sense to have the widest possible choice.
這是某閱讀教材中的句子，我覺得犯了dangling modifier的錯誤。應改為:
First, when the best people are chosen for government, management, or any other filed, it makes sense to have the widest possible choice. 或
First, when different sectors choose the best people for government, management, or any other field, it makes sense to have the widest possible choice.
煩老師解惑!
原文確有dangling modifier的錯誤。你的改法正確
刪除